Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Water Intake
2.2. Urine Hydration Indices
2.3. Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Fluctuations During the Day
3.2. Water Intake from Beverages
3.3. Urine Hydration Indices
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category of Beverage | Morning (A) | Afternoon (B) | Evening (C) | Night (D) | 24 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot beverages (mL) | |||||
Total | 211 (120) | 123 (78) | 115 (75) | 91 (49) | 376 (245) |
LOW | 197 (101) | 112 (79) | 83 (78, 129) | 88 (42) | 360 (232) |
HIGH | 225 (137) | 141 (74) | 83 (80, 117) | 94 (56) | 394 (260) |
Winter | 200 (124) | 123 (85) | 83 (82, 142) | 95 (55) | 379 (269) |
Summer | 223 (114) | 124 (64) | 80 (67, 110) | 86 (41) | 373 (215) |
Milk (mL) | |||||
Total | 133 (104) | 57 (57) | 70 (48) | - | 160 (123) |
LOW | 127 (97) | 47 (52) | 80 (17, 92) | - | 146 (109) |
HIGH | 140 (112) | 80 (12, 127) | 80 (35, 97) | - | 178 (138) |
Winter | 117 (92) | 45 (11, 83) | 83 (16, 83) | - | 146 (108) |
Summer | 151 (115) | 33 (4, 83) | 80 (12, 105) | - | 177 (138) |
Fruit & Vegetable Juice (mL) | |||||
Total | 134 (85) | 104 (78) | 75 (33, 103) | - | 147 (101) |
LOW | 83 (67, 165) | 83 (77, 112) | 75 (46, 83) | - | 115 (75) * |
HIGH | 110 (83, 220) | 83 (75, 98) | 75 (9, 162) | - | 176 (115) |
Winter | 83 (67, 167) | 93 (79, 93) | - | - | 126 (79) |
Summer | 137 (82, 217) | 83 (75, 113) | - | - | 165 (116) |
Caloric Soft Drinks (mL) | |||||
Total | 110 (50, 158) | 110 (83, 167) | 133 (83, 167) | - | 188 (120) |
LOW | 110 (33, 167) | 110 (83, 167) | 117 (50, 187) | - | 167 (83, 250) |
HIGH | 105 (58, 202) | 97 (77, 175) | 147 (96, 167) | - | 167 (83, 267) |
Winter | 110 (108, 167) | 97 (65, 188) | 83 (37, 167) | 143 (83, 243) | |
Summer | 67 (33, 150) | 110 (83, 167) | 160 (100, 180) | 210 (110, 300) | |
Diet Soft Drinks (mL) | |||||
Total | 167 (75, 230) | 110 (88, 153) | 110 (77, 167) | - | 165 (108, 257) |
LOW | 138 (75, 167) | 167 (167, 167) * | 97 (76, 143) | - | 167 (100, 235) |
HIGH | 227 (93, 371) | 105 (75, 110) | 110 (72, 250) | - | 110 (105, 407) |
Winter | 167 (87,200) | 133 (88, 167) | 110 (80, 142) | 165 (92, 235) | |
Summer | - | 110 (65, 110) | - | 167 (110, 540) | |
Alcoholic Drinks (mL) | |||||
Total | 88 (42, 167) | 123 (103) | 154 (138) | 58 (25, 94) | 198 (237) |
LOW | 83 (42, 156) | 83 (41, 130) | 88 (72, 167) | 75 (75, 75) | 145 (134) * |
HIGH | 130 (26, 479) | 100 (70, 167) | 109 (81, 216) | - | 261 (311) |
Winter | 63 (20, 104) | 75 (42, 113) | 83 (42, 167) | - | 120 (90) * |
Summer | 145 (80, 271) | 110 (67, 193) | 122 (83, 220) | 58 (25, 94) | 266 (298) |
Drinking Water (mL) | |||||
Total | 465 (290) | 414 (247) | 345 (272) | 83 (83, 162) | 1168 (666) |
LOW | 321 (224) ** | 326 (198) ** | 254 (179) ** | 83 (83, 133) | 831 (455) ** |
HIGH | 627 (270) | 511 (261) | 444 (319) | 100(80,167) | 1574 (655) |
Winter | 355 (227) ** | 337 (205) ** | 271 (198) ** | 83 (83, 83) | 902 (448) ** |
Summer | 578 (305) | 499 (263) | 428 (317) | 133 (80, 167) | 1473 (742) |
Other Beverages (mL) | |||||
Total | 83 (83, 83) | 83 (83, 83) | 110 | - | 110 (83, 167) |
LOW | 83 (83, 83) | 83 (83, 83) | 110 (110,110) | - | 138 (110, 138) |
HIGH | 83 (83, 83) | - | - | - | 83 (83, 83) |
Winter | 83 (83, 83) | 83 (83, 83) | - | - | 138 (110, 138) |
Summer | 83 (83, 83) | - | - | 83 (83, 83) | |
Total Water Intake (mL) | |||||
Total | 863 (425) | 750 (357) | 533 (333) | 22 (64) | 2266 (781) |
LOW | 640 (271) ** | 602 (278) ** | 419 (240) ** | 19 (61) | 1564(333) ** |
HIGH | 1147 (416) | 938 (359) | 679 (377) | 26 (67) | 2741 (622) |
Winter | 718 (330) ** | 642 (325) ** | 462 (280) ** | 22 (72) | 1942 (527) ** |
Summer | 1019 (461) | 865 (355) | 610 (367) | 23 (53) | 2611 (859) |
Variety Score | |||||
Total | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.7(0.7) | 3.6 (1.4) |
LOW | 2.6 (1.0) * | 2.2 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.0) | 0.6 (0.6) | 3.5 (1.4) |
HIGH | 2.9 (1.1) | 2.3 (1.2) | 2.0 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.7) | 3.7 (1.4) |
Winter | 2.7 (1.0) | 3.7 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.6) | 3.7 (1.1) |
Summer | 2.6 (1.3) | 3.5 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.7 (0.7) | 3.5 (1.6) |
Hydration Indices | Morning | Afternoon | Evening | Night | First Morning Urine | 24 h |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Volume (mL) | ||||||
Total | 557 (231) | 378 (205) | 290 (158) | 177 (149) | 339 (123) | 1331 (44) |
LOW | 524 (203) * | 353 (200) | 272 (146) | 174 (160) | 327 (109) | 1239 (474) * |
HIGH | 601 (258) | 410 (209) | 312 (171) | 182 (138) | 354 (138) | 1454 (589) |
Winter | 578 (212) | 413 (206) * | 294 (146) | 228 (163) * | 340 (115) | 1397 (472) |
Summer | 531 (251) | 334 (197) | 284 (172) | 126 (112) | 338 (132) | 1253 (597) |
Osmolality (mOsmol/kg H2O) | ||||||
Total | 620 (240) | 627 (258) | 580 (254) | 271 (157) | 691 (224) | 665 (223) |
LOW | 645 (206) | 679 (257) * | 610 (220) | 310 (171) * | 719 (225) | 703 (209) * |
HIGH | 588 (278) | 558 (243) | 540 (291) | 221 (123) | 655 (219) | 620 (233) |
Winter | 624 (242) | 605 (243) | 575 (210) | 290 (189) | 681 (208) | 664 (209) |
Summer | 616 (240) | 655 (274) | 586 (303) | 266 (137) | 701 (240) | 667 (237) |
USG | ||||||
Total | 1.017 (0.006) | 1.017 (0.006) | 1.019 (0.007) | 1.016 (0.007) | 1.018 (0.008) | 1.017 (0.006) |
LOW | 1.018 (0.006) | 1.018 (0.006) * | 1.020 (0.006) * | 1.017 (0.007) | 1.019 (0.007) | 1.018 (0.006) * |
HIGH | 1.017 (0.007) | 1.016 (0.006) | 1.017 (0.007) | 1.016 (0.008) | 1.017 (0.008) | 1.016 (0.006) |
Winter | 1.017 (0.006) | 1.017 (0.006) | 1.019 (0.006) | 1.014 (0.007) ** | 1.019 (0.006) | 1.017 (0.006) |
Summer | 1.017 (0.007) | 1.018 (0.007) | 1.019 (0.008) | 1.020 (0.007) | 1.017 (0.009) | 1.017 (0.006) |
Color | ||||||
Total | 3 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (2) | 1 (2) | 3 (1) | 4 (2) |
LOW | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 4 (2) |
HIGH | 3 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) |
Winter | 3 (1) | 3 (1) ** | 3 (1) * | 1 (1) | 3 (1) | 4 (2) |
Summer | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 3 (1) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 4 (2) |
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Athanasatou, A.; Kandyliari, A.; Malisova, O.; Kapsokefalou, M. Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults. Nutrients 2019, 11, 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040793
Athanasatou A, Kandyliari A, Malisova O, Kapsokefalou M. Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults. Nutrients. 2019; 11(4):793. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040793
Chicago/Turabian StyleAthanasatou, Adelais, Aikaterini Kandyliari, Olga Malisova, and Maria Kapsokefalou. 2019. "Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults" Nutrients 11, no. 4: 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040793
APA StyleAthanasatou, A., Kandyliari, A., Malisova, O., & Kapsokefalou, M. (2019). Fluctuation of Water Intake and of Hydration Indices during the Day in a Sample of Healthy Greek Adults. Nutrients, 11(4), 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11040793