Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
2.2. Biological Samples Collection and Storage
2.3. Inflammatory Markers in Serum
2.4. Fatty Acid Composition in Blood Cell Membranes
2.5. Assessment of Other Variables
2.6. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Participant Characteristics
3.2. Associations between Baseline Fatty Acids and Baseline Inflammatory Markers
3.3. Associations between 1-Year Changes in Fatty Acids and 1-Year Changes in Inflammatory Markers Values
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Total |
---|---|
n | 282 |
Female sex, (%) | 38.8 |
Age (Years) | 67.9 ± 6.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 29.4 ± 3.1 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 101.0 ± 8.5 |
Type 2 diabetes, (%) | 55.8 |
Statins use, (%) | 65.6 |
Physical activity, METs/d | 288.9 ± 266.0 |
Dyslipidemia, (%) | 68.2 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 51.5 ± 13.4 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 133.3 ± 38.8 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 148.8 ± 76.0 |
Smoking % | |
Current | 19.1 |
Former | 33.9 |
Never | 47.0 |
Inflammatory markers (pg/mL) | |
IFNγ | 17.7 ± 10.5 |
IL-6 | 3.9 ± 4.3 |
IL-8 | 11.6 ± 9.3 |
IL-10 | 25.4 ± 30.5 |
IL-1b | 2.3 ± 1.5 |
Fatty Acids | Total (%) |
---|---|
C14:0 | 1.04 ± 0.52 |
C16:0 | 22.48 ± 3.06 |
C16:1n7trans | 0.23 ± 0.11 |
C16:1n7cis | 0.43 ± 0.21 |
C18:0 | 18.54 ± 2.1 |
C18:1n9cis | 17.47 ± 2.59 |
C18:1n9trans | 1.45 ± 0.25 |
C18:2n6 | 11.16 ± 2.09 |
C18:3n3 | 0.1 ± 0.05 |
C20:0 | 0.21 ± 0.09 |
C20:1n9 | 0.37 ± 0.12 |
C20:2n6 | 0.32 ± 0.12 |
C20:3n6 | 1.75 ± 0.43 |
C20:4n6 | 14.44 ± 2.99 |
C20:5n3 | 0.58 ± 0.37 |
C22:0 | 0.15 ± 0.16 |
C22:4n6 | 2.53 ± 0.81 |
C22:5n6 | 0.43 ± 0.18 |
C22:5n3 | 1.45 ± 0.44 |
C24:0 | 0.3 ± 0.3 |
C22:6n3 | 4.4 ± 1.41 |
C24:1n9 | 0.3 ± 0.31 |
Total SFA | 42.69 ± 4.52 |
Total MUFA | 18.55 ± 2.69 |
Total n-6 PUFA | 30.6 ± 4.96 |
LCn-3 PUFA | 6.42 ± 2.02 |
Total n-3 PUFA | 6.51 ± 2.03 |
Omega-3 index | 4.98 ± 1.67 |
Inflammatory Markers | Fatty Acids | Coefficient | Fatty Acids | Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
IFNγ | C20:1n9 | −0.091 | ||
IL-6 | C20:2n6 | 0.022538562 | C14:0 | −0.077 |
C20:0 | −0.065 | |||
C16:1n7trans | −0.042 | |||
C18:3n3 | −0.014 | |||
IL-8 | C20:3n6 | 0.068 | Total MUFA | −0.118 |
C14:0 | −0.117 | |||
C22:5n6 | 0.048 | - | ||
IL-10 | None | None | None | None |
IL–1b | None | None | None | None |
Inflammatory Markers | Fatty Acids | Coefficient | Fatty Acids | Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|
IFNγ | C16:1n7trans | −0.079 | ||
C24:1n9 | −0.053 | |||
- | ||||
- | ||||
IL-6 | C16:1n7trans | −0.099 | ||
IL-8 | C22:5n6 | 0.046 | C16:1n7trans | −0.189 |
C18:1n9cis | −0.079 | |||
IL-10 | C20:2n6 | 0.059 | C14:0 | −0.334 |
C16:1n7trans | −0.168 | |||
IL-1b | C16:1n7cis | 0.093 | C14:0 | −0.137 |
C16:1n7trans | −0.123 | |||
C24:1n9 | −0.039 | |||
C18:3n3 | −0.018 |
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Muralidharan, J.; Papandreou, C.; Sala-Vila, A.; Rosique-Esteban, N.; Fitó, M.; Estruch, R.; Angel Martínez-González, M.; Corella, D.; Ros, E.; Razquín, C.; et al. Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients 2019, 11, 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030576
Muralidharan J, Papandreou C, Sala-Vila A, Rosique-Esteban N, Fitó M, Estruch R, Angel Martínez-González M, Corella D, Ros E, Razquín C, et al. Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(3):576. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030576
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuralidharan, Jananee, Christopher Papandreou, Aleix Sala-Vila, Nuria Rosique-Esteban, Montserrat Fitó, Ramon Estruch, Miguel Angel Martínez-González, Dolores Corella, Emilio Ros, Cristina Razquín, and et al. 2019. "Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis" Nutrients 11, no. 3: 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030576
APA StyleMuralidharan, J., Papandreou, C., Sala-Vila, A., Rosique-Esteban, N., Fitó, M., Estruch, R., Angel Martínez-González, M., Corella, D., Ros, E., Razquín, C., Castañer, O., Salas-Salvadó, J., & Bulló, M. (2019). Fatty Acids Composition of Blood Cell Membranes and Peripheral Inflammation in the PREDIMED Study: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients, 11(3), 576. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11030576