Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment
1
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
2
CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
3
Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
4
Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal-Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
5
Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
6
Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
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Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Department Physiology, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Health Research Institute of Santiago USC-IDIS, University Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
10
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
11
Center for Clinical Research and Treatment of Eating Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Mater Domini, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
12
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
13
CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2019, 11(11), 2633; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112633
Received: 31 July 2019 / Revised: 30 September 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 / Published: 3 November 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Addiction and Eating Addiction: Scientific Advances and their Clinical, Social and Policy Implications)
Food addiction (FA) has been associated with greater psychopathology in individuals with eating disorders (ED) and obesity (OBE). The current study aims to provide a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct by conducting a clustering analysis of FA in both conditions (ED and OBE). The total sample was comprised of 234 participants that scored positive on the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. (YFAS-2) (119 bulimia nervosa (BN), 50 binge eating disorder (BED), 49 other specified feeding or eating disorder (OSFED) and 16 OBE). All participants completed a comprehensive battery of questionnaires. Three clusters of FA participants were identified. Cluster 1 (dysfunctional) was characterized by the highest prevalence of OSFED and BN, the highest ED severity and psychopathology, and more dysfunctional personality traits. Cluster 2 (moderate) showed a high prevalence of BN and BED and moderate levels of ED psychopathology. Finally, cluster 3 (adaptive) was characterized by a high prevalence of OBE and BED, low levels of ED psychopathology, and more functional personality traits. In conclusion, this study identified three distinct clusters of ED-OBE patients with FA and provides some insight into a better phenotypic characterization of the FA construct when considering psychopathology, personality and ED pathology. Future studies should address whether these three food addiction categories are indicative of therapy outcome.
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Keywords:
food addiction; eating disorders; bulimia nervosa; binge eating disorders; obesity; other specified feeding or eating disorders; cluster analysis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jiménez-Murcia, S.; Agüera, Z.; Paslakis, G.; Munguia, L.; Granero, R.; Sánchez-González, J.; Sánchez, I.; Riesco, N.; Gearhardt, A.N.; Dieguez, C.; Fazia, G.; Segura-García, C.; Baenas, I.; Menchón, J.M.; Fernández-Aranda, F. Food Addiction in Eating Disorders and Obesity: Analysis of Clusters and Implications for Treatment. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2633.
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