Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Literature Search
2.2. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Characteristics
3.2. Prevalence of Anemia in Children
3.3. Prevalence of Anemia by Age
3.4. Prevalence of Anemia by Gender
3.5. Prevalence of Anemia by SES
3.6. Prevalence of Anemia by Area of Residence
3.7. Prevalence of Anemia by LAC Region
3.8. Effectiveness of Iron Supplementation Programs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Country | SES | Study Design | Sample Size (n) | Anemic Children (n) | Anemia | Quality of Studies | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95% CI | ||||||||
CFNI/PAHO_Jamaica [59] | 1998 | Jamaica | Low | Cross–sectional | 272 | 131 | 48.20 | 42.26–54.14 | Fair |
Neuman NA, et al. [43] | 2000 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 468 | 284 | 60.60 | 56.17–65.03 | Good |
Osório MM, et al. [44] | 2001 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional | 777 | 318 | 40.90 | 37.44–44.36 | Good |
Rivera JA, et al. [61] | 2004 | Mexico | Low | Cross–sectional | 595 | 154 | 25.80 | 22.28–29.32 | Good |
Assis AM, et al. [45] | 2004 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 603 | 279 | 46.30 | 42.32–50.28 | Good |
Morais MB, et al. [46] | 2005 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional | 108 | 70 | 64.80 | 55.79–73.81 | Fair |
Ministry of health of Panama [14] | 2006 | Panama | Very low | National Survey | 373 | 156 | 41.80 | 36.79–46.81 | Fair |
Brooker S, et al. [47] | 2007 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional | 139 | 44 | 31.65 | 23.92–39.38 | Fair |
EMMUS IV [17] | 2007 | Haiti | Low | National Survey | 4142 | 2599 | 60.60 | 59.11–62.09 | Fair |
Duque X, et al. [31] | 2007 | Mexico | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 4957 | 986 | 19.90 | 18.79–21.01 | Good |
Vieira AC, et al. [48] | 2007 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional | 153 | 85 | 55.60 | 47.73–63.47 | Fair |
SIVIN 2007 [21] | 2008 | Nicaragua | Very low | National Survey | 1466 | 295 | 20.10 | 18.05–22.15 | Good |
PNDS 2006 [18] | 2009 | Brazil | Middle | National Survey | 3455 | 721 | 20.86 | 19.51–22.21 | Good |
Durán P, et al. [29] | 2009 | Argentina | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 30,514 | 5035 | 16.50 | 16.08–16.92 | Good |
GDSH 2009 [20] | 2009 | Guyana | Middle | National Survey | 1349 | 316 | 23.40 | 21.14–25.66 | Good |
Oliveira CSM, et al. [49] | 2011 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 429 | 246 | 57.30 | 52.62–61.98 | Good |
Castro TG, et al. [50] | 2011 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 617 | 180 | 29.20 | 25.61–32.79 | Good |
Leal LP, et al. [34] | 2011 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 1403 | 476 | 33.92 | 31.44–36.40 | Good |
Cardoso MA, et al. [35] | 2012 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 526 | 111 | 21.10 | 17.61–24.59 | Good |
Rocha DS, et al. [36] | 2012 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 312 | 102 | 32.80 | 27.59–38.01 | Good |
Brito A, et al. [51] | 2012 | Chile | Middle | Cross–sectional | 224 | 12 | 5.40 | 2.44–8.36 | Fair |
Huamán–Espino L, et al. [65] | 2012 | Peru | Very low | Cross–sectional | 714 | 366 | 51.30 | 47.63–54.97 | Good |
ENSANUT-ECU 2012 [16] | 2012 | Ecuador | Middle | National Survey | 1913 | 356 | 18.60 | 16.86–20.34 | Fair |
Oliveira AP, et al. [37] | 2013 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 980 | 363 | 37.00 | 33.98–40.02 | Good |
Silla L, et al. [38] | 2013 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 2186 | 992 | 45.40 | 43.31–47.49 | Good |
ENDESA 2011-2012 [19] | 2013 | Honduras | Very low | National Survey | 10,681 | 3097 | 29.00 | 28.14–29.86 | Good |
Brito A, et al. [52] | 2013 | Chile | Very low | Cross–sectional | 320 | 44 | 13.75 | 9.98–17.52 | Good |
Leite MS, et al. [28] | 2013 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional * | 5397 | 2763 | 51.20 | 49.87–52.53 | Good |
National Micronutrients Survey [24] | 2014 | Dominican Republic | Low | National Survey | 772 | 217 | 28.10 | 24.93–31.27 | Fair |
ENS 2014 [23] | 2014 | El Salvador | Very low | National Survey | 5862 | 1327 | 22.64 | 21.57–23.71 | Good |
Oliveira TSC, et al. [39] | 2014 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 373 | 143 | 38.30 | 33.37–43.23 | Good |
Sarmiento OL, et al. [27] | 2014 | Colombia | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 7725 | 2124 | 27.50 | 26.50–28.50 | Good |
Saraiva BC, et al. [40] | 2014 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 692 | 109 | 15.70 | 12.99–18.41 | Good |
Pita GM, et al. [55] | 2014 | Cuba | Low | Cross–sectional | 2204 | 573 | 26.00 | 24.17–27.83 | Good |
Vasconcelos PN, et al. [41] | 2014 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 646 | 135 | 20.90 | 17.76–24.04 | Fair |
Iannotti L, et al. [60] | 2015 | Haiti | Low | Cross–sectional | 182 | 128 | 70.30 | 63.66–76.94 | Good |
Rodríguez–Zúñiga MJ, et al. [66] | 2015 | Peru | Low | Cross–sectional | 473 | 137 | 29.00 | 24.91–33.09 | Good |
Martorell R, et al. [53] | 2015 | Costa Rica | Very low | Cross–sectional | 403 | 16 | 4.00 | 2.09–5.91 | Fair |
ENDES 2016 [15] | 2017 | Peru | Low | National Survey | 10,060 | 3350 | 33.30 | 32.38–34.22 | Good |
EDSA 2016 [26] | 2017 | Boliva | Low | National Survey | 1526 | 819 | 53.70 | 51.20–56.20 | Fair |
ENSMI 2014-2015 [22] | 2017 | Guatemala | Low | National Survey | 11,164 | 3617 | 32.40 | 31.53–33.27 | Good |
Robles BN, et al. [13] | 2017 | Dominica | Very low | Retrospective | 635 | 123 | 19.30 | 16.23–22.37 | Good |
Barquero MS, et al. [54] | 2018 | Costa Rica | Very low | Cross–sectional | 1291 | 111 | 8.60 | 7.07–10.13 | Fair |
Cruz-Góngora V, et al. [30] | 2018 | Mexico | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 9094 | 2446 | 26.90 | 25.99–27.81 | Good |
Assandri E, et al. [58] | 2018 | Uruguay | Middle | Cross–sectional | 136 | 45 | 33.00 | 25.10–40.90 | Fair |
Author | Year | Country | SES | Study Design | Sample Size (n) | Anemic Children (n) | Anemia | Quality of Studies | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | 95% CI | ||||||||
Quizhpe E, et al. [57] | 2003 | Ecuador | Middle | Cross–sectional | 592 | 98 | 16.60 | 13.60–19.60 | Good |
Monárrez–Espino J, et al. [62] | 2004 | Mexico | Very low | Cross–sectional | 331 | 43 | 13.00 | 9.38–16.62 | Fair |
Reboso J, et al. [56] | 2005 | Cuba | Low | Cross–sectional | 100 | 22 | 22.00 | 13.88–30.12 | Fair |
Ministry of health of Panama [14] | 2006 | Panama | Very low | National Survey | 788 | 50 | 6.30 | 4.60–8.00 | Fair |
Winocur D, et al. [32] | 2007 | Argentina | Middle | Cross–sectional | 323 | 8 | 2.50 | 0.80–4.20 | Good |
Brooker S, et al. [47] | 2007 | Brazil | Very low | Cross–sectional | 301 | 32 | 10.63 | 7.15–14.11 | Fair |
ENSANUT-ECU 2012 [16] | 2012 | Ecuador | Middle | National Survey | 4443 | 156 | 3.50 | 2.96–4.04 | Fair |
Cardoso MA, et al. [35] | 2012 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 585 | 40 | 6.80 | 4.76–8.84 | Good |
ENM 2012 [25] | 2013 | Dominican Republic | Low | National Survey | 654 | 119 | 18.20 | 15.24–21.16 | Fair |
Sarmiento OL, et al. [27] | 2014 | Colombia | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 7906 | 640 | 8.10 | 7.50–8.70 | Good |
Rodríguez–Zúñiga MJ, et al. [66] | 2015 | Peru | Low | Cross–sectional | 1.438 | 905 | 62.90 | 60.40–65.40 | Good |
Cabada MN, et al. [63] | 2015 | Peru | Very low | Cross–sectional | 192 | 70 | 36.50 | 29.69–43.31 | Fair |
Iannotti L, et al. [60] | 2015 | Haiti | Low | Cross–sectional | 753 | 509 | 67.59 | 64.25–70.93 | Good |
Aparco JP, et al. [64] | 2016 | Peru | Low | Cross–sectional | 808 | 96 | 11.90 | 9.67–14.13 | Fair |
Ferreira HS, et al. [42] | 2016 | Brazil | Middle | Cross–sectional | 1547 | 144 | 9.30 | 7.85–10.75 | Good |
Barquero MS, et al. [54] | 2018 | Costa Rica | Very low | Cross–sectional | 912 | 55 | 6.00 | 4.46–7.54 | Fair |
Cruz-Góngora V, et al. [30] | 2018 | Mexico | Middle | Cross–sectional * | 15,993 | 1999 | 12.50 | 11.99–13.01 | Good |
Lázaro L, et al. [33] | 2018 | Argentina | Middle | Cross–sectional | 362 | 16 | 4.40 | 2.29–6.51 | Fair |
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Iglesias Vázquez, L.; Valera, E.; Villalobos, M.; Tous, M.; Arija, V. Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis. Nutrients 2019, 11, 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010183
Iglesias Vázquez L, Valera E, Villalobos M, Tous M, Arija V. Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis. Nutrients. 2019; 11(1):183. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010183
Chicago/Turabian StyleIglesias Vázquez, Lucía, Edith Valera, Marcela Villalobos, Mónica Tous, and Victoria Arija. 2019. "Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis" Nutrients 11, no. 1: 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010183
APA StyleIglesias Vázquez, L., Valera, E., Villalobos, M., Tous, M., & Arija, V. (2019). Prevalence of Anemia in Children from Latin America and the Caribbean and Effectiveness of Nutritional Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta–Analysis. Nutrients, 11(1), 183. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010183