Celiac Disease and Glandular Autoimmunity
1
Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
2
Institute for Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI), Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, 55101 Mainz, Germany
3
Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(7), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070814
Received: 6 June 2018 / Revised: 19 June 2018 / Accepted: 21 June 2018 / Published: 25 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraintestinal Manifestations of Coeliac Disease)
Celiac disease is a small intestinal inflammatory disease with autoimmune features that is triggered and maintained by the ingestion of the storage proteins (gluten) of wheat, barley, and rye. Prevalence of celiac disease is increased in patients with mono- and/or polyglandular autoimmunity and their relatives. We have reviewed the current and pertinent literature that addresses the close association between celiac disease and endocrine autoimmunity. The close relationship between celiac disease and glandular autoimmunity can be largely explained by sharing of a common genetic background. Further, between 10 and 30% of patients with celiac disease are thyroid and/or type 1 diabetes antibody positive, while around 5–7% of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes, and/or polyglandular autoimmunity are IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody positive. While a gluten free diet does not reverse glandular autoimmunity, its early institution may delay or even prevent its first manifestation. In conclusion, this brief review highlighting the close association between celiac disease and both monoglandular and polyglandular autoimmunity, aims to underline the need for prospective studies to establish whether an early diagnosis of celiac disease and a prompt gluten-free diet may positively impact the evolution and manifestation of glandular autoimmunity.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
celiac disease; glandular autoimmunity; autoimmune thyroid disease; type 1 diabetes; polyglandular autoimmune syndrome
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Kahaly, G.J.; Frommer, L.; Schuppan, D. Celiac Disease and Glandular Autoimmunity. Nutrients 2018, 10, 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070814
AMA Style
Kahaly GJ, Frommer L, Schuppan D. Celiac Disease and Glandular Autoimmunity. Nutrients. 2018; 10(7):814. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070814
Chicago/Turabian StyleKahaly, George J.; Frommer, Lara; Schuppan, Detlef. 2018. "Celiac Disease and Glandular Autoimmunity" Nutrients 10, no. 7: 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10070814
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
Search more from Scilit
