Efficacy of a Gluten-Free Diet in the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study
by
Luis Rodrigo 1,*
, 
Nuria Álvarez 1, Enrique Fernández-Bustillo 2, Javier Salas-Puig 3, Marcos Huerta 4 and Carlos Hernández-Lahoz 5
Luis Rodrigo 1,*, Nuria Álvarez 1, Enrique Fernández-Bustillo 2, Javier Salas-Puig 3, Marcos Huerta 4 and Carlos Hernández-Lahoz 5
1
Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Avda. de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
2
Technical Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Avda. de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
3
Neurology Service, Hospital del Valle de Hebrón, Paseo del Valle de Hebrón 119, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
4
Psychiatry Service, Mental Health Center, Pedro Pablo 42, 33209 Gijón, Spain
5
Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Avda. de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(5), 573; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10050573
Received: 27 March 2018 / Revised: 24 April 2018 / Accepted: 4 May 2018 / Published: 7 May 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extraintestinal Manifestations of Coeliac Disease)
The Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) may be associated. We analyse the efficacy of a gluten-free diet (GFD) in 29 patients with GTS (23 children; six adults) in a prospective pilot study. All of them followed a GFD for one year. The Yale Global Tics Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Self Report (Y-BOCS) or the Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale—Self Report (CY-BOCS), and the Cavanna’s Quality of Life Questionnaire applied to GTS (GTS-QOL) were compared before and after the GFD; 74% of children and 50% of adults were males, not significant (NS). At the beginning of the study, 69% of children and 100% of adults had associated obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (NS). At baseline, the YGTSS scores were 55.0 ± 17.5 (children) and 55.8 ± 19.8 (adults) (NS), the Y-BOCS/CY-BOCS scores were 15.3, (standard deviation (SD) = 12.3) (children) and 26.8 (9.2) (adults) (p = 0.043), and the GTS-QOL scores were 42.8 ± 18.5 (children) and 64 ± 7.9 (adults) (p = 0.000). NCGS was frequent in both groups, with headaches reported by 47.0% of children and 83.6% of adults (p = 0.001). After one year on a GFD there was a marked reduction in measures of tics (YGTSS) (p = 0.001), and the intensity and frequency of OCD (Y-BOCS/CY-BOCS) (p = 0.001), along with improved generic quality of life (p = 0.001) in children and adults. In conclusion, a GFD maintained for one year in GTS patients led to a marked reduction in tics and OCD both in children and adults.
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Keywords:
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS); children and adults; motor and vocal/phonic tics; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS); gluten-free diet; one-year adherence
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style
Rodrigo, L.; Álvarez, N.; Fernández-Bustillo, E.; Salas-Puig, J.; Huerta, M.; Hernández-Lahoz, C. Efficacy of a Gluten-Free Diet in the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018, 10, 573.
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