Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Characterisation of the Study Cohort
3.2. Carotenoid Concentrations and Lycopene Isomers
3.3. Retinoid Concentration and Ratios of Retinoic Acid Isomerization
3.4. Correlation Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Healthy Volunteers | AD-Patients | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
n = 20 | n = 20 | n = 20 | |
Age in years | 21 ± 0.3 | 20 ± 1.2 | 0.48 |
Gender | 70% female | 60% female | - |
SCORAD | 0 ± 0 | 35.2 ± 4.3 | <0.01 |
Total IgE (KU/L) | 32 ± 0.0 | 2941 ± 1134 | 0.01 |
EOS % | 2.5 ± 0 | 7.3 ± 1.1 | <0.01 |
(A) Carotenoid Concentrations | |||
---|---|---|---|
in Plasma of Healthy Volunteers and AD-Patients. | |||
Healthy Volunteers | AD-Patients | p-Value | |
n = 20 (ng/mL) | n = 20 (ng/mL) | ||
lutein | 198 ± 14 | 158 ± 12 | 0.02 |
zeaxanthin | 349 ± 30 | 236 ± 18 | <0.01 |
α-carotene | 171 ± 21 | 149 ± 24 | 0.24 |
β-carotene | 492 ± 77 | 394 ± 65 | 0.17 |
(B) Total Sums and Concentration of Lycopene Isomers | |||
in Plasma of Healthy Volunteers and AD-Patients. | |||
lycopene (sum) | 281 ± 30 | 248 ± 35 | 0.24 |
lycopene (all-trans-) | 126 ± 15 | 107 ± 17 | 0.20 |
lycopene (13-cis-) | 36 ± 3 | 40 ± 5 | 0.29 |
lycopene (9-cis-) | 25 ± 3 | 21 ± 3 | 0.17 |
lycopene (5-cis-) | 94 ± 10 | 80 ± 12 | 0.19 |
(C) Calculated %-Amounts of Lycopene Isomers | |||
in Plasma of Healthy Volunteers and AD-Patients. | |||
n = 20 (in%) | n = 20 (in%) | ||
lycopene (all-trans-) | 44.1 ± 0.9 | 41.8 ± 1.3 | 0.08 |
lycopene (13-cis-) | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 17.2 ± 1.7 | 0.01 |
lycopene (9-cis-) | 8.8 ± 0.2 | 8.6 ± 0.3 | 0.24 |
lycopene (5-cis-) | 33.8 ± 0.8 | 32.4 ± 1.2 | 0.16 |
(D) Calculated Ratios of Selected Lycopene Isomers in Plasma of Healthy Volunteers and AD-Patients. | |||
n = 20 (Ratio) | n = 20 (Ratio) | ||
13-cis-/all-trans-lycopene | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.07 | 0.03 |
5-cis-/all-trans-lycopene | 0.78 ± 0.03 | 0.79 ± 0.04 | 0.40 |
(A) Retinoic Acid and Retinol Concentrations in Human Plasma from Healthy Volunteers as well as AD-Patients. | |||
---|---|---|---|
Healthy Volunteers | AD-Patients | p-Value | |
n = 20 (ng/mL) | n = 20 (ng/mL) | ||
ATRA | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1 | 0.04 |
13CRA | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 0.17 |
ROL | 216 ± 20 | 167 ± 17 | 0.04 |
(B) Ratio of the Plasma Levels of Retinoic Acid Isomers 13CRA/ATRA. | |||
n = 20 (Ratio) | n = 20 (Ratio) | ||
13CRA/ATRA | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 2.6 ± 2.6 | 0.03 |
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Lucas, R.; Mihály, J.; Lowe, G.M.; Graham, D.L.; Szklenar, M.; Szegedi, A.; Töröcsik, D.; Rühl, R. Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101390
Lucas R, Mihály J, Lowe GM, Graham DL, Szklenar M, Szegedi A, Töröcsik D, Rühl R. Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101390
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas, Renata, Johanna Mihály, Gordon M. Lowe, Daniel L. Graham, Monika Szklenar, Andrea Szegedi, Daniel Töröcsik, and Ralph Rühl. 2018. "Reduced Carotenoid and Retinoid Concentrations and Altered Lycopene Isomer Ratio in Plasma of Atopic Dermatitis Patients" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101390