Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources, Search Strategy, and Selection
2.2. Data Extraction
2.3. Quality Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of Studies Included
3.2. Blood Fatty Acid Status
3.3. Blood FA Status of Dialysis Patients Compared to Healthy Controls
3.4. Blood FA Predicting Clinical Endpoints
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author (year) | Country | n | Mean Age (year) | Gender (M/F) | Dialysis | Dialysis Vintage (month) | Study Type | Blood Fraction | Instrumentation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
An (2009) [28] | Korea | 29 | 59.5 | 15/14 | HD, PD | 43.6 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
An (2011) [29] | Korea | 73 | 57.3 | 44/29 | HD, PD | 72.3 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
An (2012) [30] | Korea | 14 | 52.1 | 7/7 | PD | 46.9 | INT | Erythrocyte | GC |
An (2012) [31] | Korea | 43 | 57.4 | 20/23 | HD, PD | 46.5 | INT | Erythrocyte | GC |
Begum (2004) [32] | USA | 22 | 55.8 | 13/9 | HD | 63.7 | INT | Erythrocyte | GLC |
Dasgupta (1990) [18] | USA | 9 | 46.0 | 3/6 | HD | 72.0 | CS | Total plasma | GC-MS |
de Fijter (1995) [33] | NL | 32 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | INT | PL | GC-FID |
de Gomez Dumm (2001) [34] | Argentina | 10 | 33.3 | 6/4 | HD | 60 | PC | Total plasma | GLC-FID |
de Mattos (2017) [35] | Brazil | 88 | 52.0 | 57/31 | HD | 54.4 | INT | Total serum | GC |
Delarue (2008) [36] | France | 8 | 62.0 | 6/2 | HD | ≥ 6 | INT | TAG | GC |
Delmas-Beauvieux (1995) [37] | France | 40 | 58.1 | 19/21 | HD | ≥ 6 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
Dessi (2014) [38] | Italy | 99 | 69.3 | 59/40 | HD | 65.8 | CS | PL, Erythrocyte | GC-MS |
Esaki (2017) [39] | Japan | 10 | 74.7 | 7/3 | HD | 100.8 | INT | Total serum | N/A |
Friedman (2006) [26,40] | USA | 75 | 53.8 | 48/27 | HD | N/A | CS | Total plasma, erythrocyte | GC-FID |
Friedman (2012) [23,24,41] | USA | 400 | 66.4 | 232/ 168 | HD | N/A | CS | Total serum, PL, TAG & CE | GC-FID |
Friedman (2016) [42] | USA | 20 | 55.0 | 11/9 | HD | 96.0 | CS | PL | GC |
Girelli (1992) [43] | Italy | 32 | 61.9 | 16/16 | HD, PD | 42.0 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
Hamazaki (1984) [44] | Japan | 12 | N/A | 3/9 | HD | 31.0 | INT | Total plasma | GC |
Hamazaki (2011) [25,45] | Japan | 176 | 64.1 | 96/80 | HD | 92.4 | PC | Erythrocyte | GC |
Holler (1995) [46] | Austria | 26 | 48.2 | 14/12 | PD | N/A | CS | Total serum | GC |
Huang (2012) [27,47] | Sweden | 222 | 57.0 | 135/87 | HD, PD | 12.0 | PC | PL | GLC |
Kim (2013) [48] | Korea | 61 | 56.0 | 44/17 | HD, PD | 48.1 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
Koorts (2002) [49] | S. Africa | 14 | 37.3 | 9/5 | HD | 69.9 | CS | Erythrocyte | GLC-FID |
Lee (2015) [50] | Korea | 15 | 62.1 | 5/10 | HD | ≥ 6 | INT | Erythrocyte | GC |
Madsen (2011) [51] | Denmark | 44 | 63 | 29/15 | HD | 30.0 | CS | PL | GC-FID |
Marangoni (1992) [52] | Italy | 18 | 48.7 | 10/8 | HD | ≥ 6 | CS | TAG, CE, PL | GLC |
Nakamura (2008) [53] | Japan | 17 | 57.0 | N/A | HD | N/A | CS | Total plasma | GC |
Oh (2012) [54] | Korea | 68 | 56.4 | 27/41 | HD, PD | 49.0 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
Pazda (2017) [55] | Poland | 28 | 50.7 | 15/13 | PD | N/A | CS | Total serum | GC-FID |
Peck (1996) [56] | USA | 25 | 49.8 | 13/12 | HD | N/A | INT | Total plasma | GC |
Perunicic-Pekovic (2007) [57] | Serbia | 35 | N/A | N/A | HD | N/A | INT | Erythrocyte | GLC |
Peuchant (1988) [58] | France | 22 | N/A | N/A | HD | 78.0 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC-FID |
Peuchant (1994) [59] | France | 14 | 51.0 | 5/9 | HD | 96.0 | CS | Total plasma, erythrocyte | GLC |
Ristic (2006) [60] | Serbia | 37 | 52.0 | 21/16 | HD | 72.0 | CS | PL, erythrocyte | GC |
Ristic-Medic (2014) [61] | Serbia | 30 | 55.0 | 18/12 | HD | 57.1 | INT | PL | GC |
Sertoglu (2014) [62] | Turkey | 40 | 58.0 | 21/19 | HD | N/A | CS | Total plasma, erythrocyte | GC-FID |
Shoji (2013) [63] | Japan | 517 | 61.0 | 325/ 192 | HD | 110.4 | PC | Total serum | GC |
Sikorska-Wisiewska (2017) [64] | Poland | 33 | 55.8 | 18/15 | HD, PD | 12.2 | CS | Total serum | GC-EI-MS |
Son (2012) [65] | Korea | 31 | 56.2 | 10/21 | HD | 46.1 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC |
Svensson (2006) [66] | Denmark | 206 | 67.0 | 133/73 | HD | 44.0 | INT | PL | GC-FID |
Taccone-Galluci (1989) [67] | Italy | 10 | N/A | 6/4 | HD | 27.0 | CS | Total serum | GC |
Talwalker (1980) [68] | USA | 10 | 49.0 | 10/0 | N/A | N/A | CS | TAG & CE, PL | GLC |
Tsuzuki (2000) [69] | Japan | 20 | 55.6 | 11/9 | HD | 80.4 | CS | Erythrocyte | GC-MS |
Umemoto (2016) [70] | Japan | 367 | 66.0 | 237/130 | HD | 109.2 | CS | Total serum | GC |
Westhuyzen (2003) [71] | Australia | 12 | 69.2 | 7/5 | HD | N/A | INT | Erythrocyte | GC-FID |
Yerlikaya (2011) [72] | Turkey | 51 | 47.8 | 21/30 | PD | 65.4 | CS | Total plasma | GC-MS |
Yoshimoto-Furuie (1999) [73] | Japan | 16 | 52.7 | 6/10 | HD | 62.4 | INT | TAG, CE, PL | GC |
Zabel (2010) [74] | Australia | 28 | 61.0 | 14/14 | HD | 19.5 | INT | PL | GC |
Author (year) | Country | 14:0 | 16:0 | 18:0 | Total SFA | 16:1n-7 | 18:1n-9 | Total MUFA | 18:2n-6 | 20:4n-6 | 22:4n-6 | Total n-6 PUFA | 18:3n-3 | 20:5n-3 | 22:5n-3 | 22:6n-3 | n-3 index | Total n-3 PUFA | Total PUFA | n-6/n-3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total Serum/Plasma | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Hamazaki (1984) [44] | Japan | 22.7 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 22.6 | 31.5 | 3.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.9 | ||||||||||
Nakamura (2008) [53] | Japan | 30.1 | 5.2 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||
Esaki (2017) [39] | Japan | 21.9 | 5.9 | 25.7 | 27.4 | 5.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 2.9 | |||||||||||
Shoji (2013) a,b [63] | Japan | 139 | 53 | 100 | ||||||||||||||||
Umemoto (2016) a,b [70] | Japan | 149 | 173 | 60 | 100 | 165 | ||||||||||||||
Yerlikaya (2011) [72] | Turkey | 0.7 | 21.6 | 8.1 | 34.5 | 1.5 | 9.2 | 27.5 | 23.7 | 4.6 | 28.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 38.0 | 19.5 | ||||
Sertoglu (2014) a [62] | Turkey | 48 | 308 | 104 | 26 | 357 | 495 | 115 | 634 | 6 | 15 | 20 | ||||||||
Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||
Taccone-Galluci (1989) [67] | Italy | 1.3 | 21.6 | 8.0 | 2.1 | 29.9 | 20.6 | 7.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.6 | ||||||||
Peuchant (1994) [59] | France | 1.3 | 26.0 | 11.3 | 22.3 | 24.2 | 7.7 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 2.6 | ||||||||||
Holler (1996) [46] | Austria | 6.1 | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||||
Pazda (2017) [55] | Poland | 1.0 | 23.4 | 7.1 | 32.5 | 2.8 | 29.1 | 32.7 | 23.2 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 29.9 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 3.1 | |||
Sikorska-Wisiewska (2017) [64] | Poland | 26.3 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.4 | ||||||||||||
28.4 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 3.6 | ||||||||||||||
North America | ||||||||||||||||||||
Dasgupta (1990) [18] | USA | 2.5 | 21.9 | 14.3 | 4.7 | 15.4 | 26.6 | 6.0 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 | |||||||||
Peck (1996) [56] | USA | 20.0 | 28.0 | 5.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | ||||||||||||||
Friedman (2006) [40] | USA | 0.6 | 19.8 | 7.6 | 28.4 | 1.4 | 23.6 | 27.3 | 26.7 | 8.4 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 40.4 | |||
Friedman (2012) b [41] | USA | 20.2 | 6.8 | 28.0 | 2.3 | 23.9 | 28.2 | 28.3 | 7.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 40.9 | ||||||
South America | ||||||||||||||||||||
de Gomez Dumm (2001) [34] | Argentina | 19.4 | 6.4 | 3.1 | 24.3 | 31.9 | 7.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 1.4 | |||||||||
de Mattos (2017) [35] | Brazil | 5.6 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | |||||||||||||||
Triacylglycerol | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Yoshimoto-Furuie (1999) [73] | Japan | 23.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.8 | ||||||||||||||
Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marangoni (1992) [52] | Italy | 31.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 45.0 | 12.0 | 1.0 | |||||||||||||
Delarue (2008) a [36] | France | 8 | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
North America | ||||||||||||||||||||
Talwalker (1980) [68] | USA | 3.4 | 38.9 | 7.1 | 3.8 | 38.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | ||||||||||||
Cholesteryl Esters | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Yoshimoto-Furuie (1999) [73] | Japan | 51.0 | 6.0 | 0.6 | 2.9 | 1.7 | ||||||||||||||
Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marangoni (1992) [52] | Italy | 15.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 26.0 | 45.0 | 6.0 | |||||||||||||
North America | ||||||||||||||||||||
Talwalker (1980) [68] | USA | 3.7 | 30.6 | 4.8 | 6.3 | 32.2 | 2.9 | 5.1 | ||||||||||||
Triacylglycerol and Cholesteryl Esters | ||||||||||||||||||||
Friedman (2012) b [41] | USA | 17.8 | 4.4 | 22.4 | 2.4 | 28.1 | 32.8 | 33.3 | 5.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 39.3 | ||||||
Phospholipids | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Yoshimoto-Furuie (1999) [73] | Japan | 23.1 | 9.1 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 1.1 | 7.6 | ||||||||||||
Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Zabel (2010) [74] | Australia | 10.3 | 1.1 | 4.1 | ||||||||||||||||
Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||
Marangoni (1992) [52] | Italy | 37.0 | 15.0 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 13.0 | 8.0 | |||||||||||||
Dessi (2014) a [38] | Italy | 408 | 133 | 5 | 9 | 49 | ||||||||||||||
de Fijter (1995) [33] | NL | 4.3 | ||||||||||||||||||
Svensson (2006) [66] | Denmark | 1.5 | 4.0 | |||||||||||||||||
Madsen (2011) [51] | Denmark | 9.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 4.1 | |||||||||||||||
Ristic (2006) b [60] | Serbia | 28.1 | 15.7 | 43.8 | 0.4 | 13.1 | 13.5 | 25.5 | 11.1 | 0.4 | 39.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 9.6 | ||||
Ristic-Medic (2014) [61] | Serbia | 25.3 | 16.4 | 41.8 | 0.4 | 13.8 | 14.6 | 24.5 | 11.6 | 0.6 | 39.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 42.7 | 11.3 | ||
Huang (2012) [27,47] | Sweden | 30.4 | 14.5 | 0.5 | 13.7 | 19.7 | 9.2 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 39.9 | ||||||||
North America | ||||||||||||||||||||
Talwalker (1980) [68] | USA | 2.9 | 44.4 | 21.7 | 3.0 | 18.0 | 1.8 | 1.2 | ||||||||||||
Friedman (2012) b [41] | USA | 22.6 | 17.6 | 40.9 | 2.4 | 15.6 | 19.1 | 18.7 | 10.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 2.8 | 36.9 | ||||||
Friedman (2016) [42] | USA | 19.2 | 13.5 | 0.4 | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||
Erythrocytes | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Tsuzuki (2000) [69] | Japan | 54.0 | 19.2 | 8.5 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 4.9 | 26.8 | ||||||||||||
Hamazaki (2011) [45] | Japan | 26.8 | 15.0 | 0.4 | 13.4 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 2.0 | 2.5 | 7.7 | 2.0 | |||||||||
An (2009) [28] | Korea | 0.2 | 22.6 | 16.4 | 39.2 | 0.6 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 1.5 | 29.8 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 10.2 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 46.3 | 1.9 |
0.3 | 23.2 | 15.8 | 39.4 | 0.9 | 14.5 | 16.0 | 10.5 | 14.7 | 1.5 | 28.4 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 9.8 | 12.8 | 15.9 | 44.3 | 1.9 | ||
An (2011) [29] | Korea | 14.7 | 29.8 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 10.2 | 16.7 | ||||||||||||
14.7 | 28.4 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 9.8 | 15.9 | ||||||||||||||
An (2012) [30] | Korea | 0.7 | 23.5 | 11.5 | 35.7 | 1.2 | 17.1 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 12.0 | 33.5 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 7.1 | 8.9 | 11.1 | 44.7 | 3.1 | ||
An (2012) [31] | Korea | 0.6 | 28.0 | 17.2 | 46.0 | 2.1 | 16.8 | 19.5 | 13.0 | 10.2 | 26.0 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 31.5 | 6.2 | ||
Oh (2012) [54] | Korea | 0.7 | 23.8 | 12.1 | 36.8 | 1.4 | 16.9 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 11.1 | 31.9 | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 10.7 | 42.7 | 3.4 | |
Son (2012) [65] | Korea | 0.6 | 23.3 | 12.2 | 36.3 | 1.0 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.5 | 11.4 | 1.2 | 32.6 | 0.5 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 7.3 | 9.4 | 11.7 | 44.3 | |
Kim (2013) [48] | Korea | 16.1 | 17.6 | |||||||||||||||||
17.7 | 19.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Lee (2015) [50] | Korea | 0.5 | 25.6 | 19.4 | 46.0 | 0.7 | 15.9 | 17.6 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 24.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 6.7 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 35.2 | 2.8 | ||
Sertoglu (2014) a [62] | Turkey | 33 | 22 | 51 | 8 | 30 | 35 | 42 | 83 | 3 | 5 | 6 | ||||||||
Australia | ||||||||||||||||||||
Westhuyzen (2003) [71] | Australia | 22.8 | 16.9 | 43.8 | 15.5 | 19.5 | 8.6 | 16.7 | 3.3 | 0.8 | 7.3 | 36.7 | ||||||||
Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||
Girelli (1992) [43] | Italy | 21.5 | 16.7 | 44.4 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 23.5 | 6.8 | 39.3 | ||||||||||
21.7 | 17.1 | 46.4 | 17.4 | 17.9 | 8.4 | 19.8 | 6.4 | 35.4 | ||||||||||||
Dessi (2014) a [38] | Italy | 117 | 145 | 0.2 | 3 | 45 | ||||||||||||||
Peuchant (1988) [58] | France | 0.8 | 29.4 | 23.0 | 13.4 | 7.9 | 11.7 | 2.1 | 0.5 | 3.2 | ||||||||||
Peuchant (1994) [59] | France | 0.8 | 25.7 | 22.6 | 13.4 | 9.5 | 13.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 4.1 | ||||||||||
Delmas-Beauvieux (1995) [37] | France | 12.5 | 11.9 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 4.8 | ||||||||||||||
Ristic (2006) [60] | Serbia | 21.6 | 19.3 | 40.9 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 14.8 | 15.3 | 3.5 | 34.9 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 5.9 | |||||
Perunicic-Pekovic (2007) [57] | Serbia | 7.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 2.0 | |||||||||||||||
Africa | ||||||||||||||||||||
Koorts (2002) [49] | South Africa | 0.3 | 22.3 | 17.4 | 45.9 | 0.2 | 13.3 | 16.9 | 10.4 | 14.8 | 3.9 | 31.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.4 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 37.2 | 5.8 | |
North America | ||||||||||||||||||||
Begum (2004) [32] | USA | 30.3 | 24.5 | 23.4 | 9.0 | 6.9 | 1.8 | 18.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 1.8 | 2.7 | |||||||
Friedman (2006) [26,40] | USA | 0.1 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 31.2 | 0.2 | 13.9 | 11.2 | 9.4 | 17.7 | 5.2 | 0.03 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 42.9 |
Total Serum/Plasma | TAG/CE [68] | PL | Erythrocyte | |
---|---|---|---|---|
SFA | ||||
14:0 | ↔ [18,40,55,59,62,72] | ↔ | ↔ [68] | ↔ [49,54,58,59,62], ↓ [28,40] |
16:0 | ↔ [18,40,55,59,62,72], ↑ [34] | ↔ | ↔ [60,68] | ↔ [28,49,54,58,59,60,62], ↓ [40,71] |
18:0 | ↔ [18,34,40,55,62,72], ↓ [59] | ↔ | ↔ [60,68] | ↔ [28,40,49,58,60,62], ↑ [59,71], ↓ [54] |
Total SFA | ↔ [40,55], ↑ [72] | ↔ | ↔ [60] | ↔ [28,49,60,71], ↓ [40,54], ↑ [69] |
MUFA | ||||
16:1n-7 | ↔ [18,40,55,62,72], ↑ [34] | ↔ | ↔ [60,68] | ↓ [28,40,62], ↔ [49,54] |
18:1n-9 | ↑ [18,34,40,55,56,59,64], ↔ [62,72] | ↔ | ↑ [60], ↔ [68] | ↔ [40,58,60,62,71], ↑ [28,49,54], ↓ [59] |
Total MUFA | ↑ [40,55,72] | ↔ | ↑ [60] | ↔ [40,60,69,71], ↑ [49,54], ↓ [28] |
n-6 PUFA | ||||
18:2n-6 | ↓ [18,34,40,55,59,72], ↔ [56,62] | ↓ | ↔ [42,60], ↓ [38,68] | ↓ [38,40,62,69], ↔ [49,58,59,60,71], ↑ [28,54] |
20:4n-6 | ↓ [18,34,56,59,64,72], ↔ [40,46,55,62], ↑ [51,63] | ↔ | ↔ [60,68], ↓ [38], ↑ [42] | ↔ [49,54,58,60,62,71], ↑ [28,29,40,59], ↓ [38,57] |
22:4n-6 | ↔ [40,55,59], ↓ [34] | ↔ [60] | ↔ [49,58,59,60,71], ↓ [28,69], ↑ [40] | |
Total n-6 PUFA | ↔ [62,72], ↓ [55,64] | ↓ [60] | ↑ [28,29,54], ↔ [60,62], ↓ [49] | |
n-3 PUFA | ||||
18:3n-3 | ↔ [40,56], ↓ [18,55,64] | ↔ [38] | ↓ [28,29,38,40], ↔ [49], ↑ [54] | |
20:5n-3 | ↓ [34,46,51,56,64], ↔ [40,55,62,72], ↑ [63] | ↓ [38,42,60] | ↔ [28,29,38,40,54,58,62], ↓ [49,57,60,71] | |
22:5n-3 | ↔ [18,40,59], ↓ [34], ↑ [55] | ↔ [60] | ↔ [28,29,49,54,57,60], ↓ [69], ↑ [40,59] | |
22:6n-3 | ↓ [34,40,51,64,72], ↔ [18,59,62], ↑ [55,63] | ↔ [38,42], ↓ [60] | ↓ [38,54,57,60,62], ↔ [28,29,49,59,69,71], ↑ [40,58] | |
n-3 Index | ↓ [40] | ↔ [38] | ↔ [28,38], ↑ [40], ↓ [54] | |
Total n-3 PUFA | ↓ [64,72], ↔ [55,62] | ↓ [60] | ↔ [28,29,49,62], ↓ [54,60] | |
Total PUFA | ↓ [40], ↔ [72] | ↓ [49,69], ↑ [28,40], ↔ [54,71] | ||
n-6/n-3 | ↔ [40,72] | ↔ [60] | ↔ [28,49,60], ↓ [40], ↑ [54] |
Author, Year | Country | n | Dialysis Vintage (month) | Follow Up (year) | Blood Fraction | FA of Interest | Endpoints (Events) † |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Friedman, 2008 [26] | USA | 93 | N/A | 2.1 * | Erythrocyte | n-3 index | HR (95% CI) of death: Omega-3 index (below median, 4.69%): 2.48 (0.88–6.95), p = 0.085 |
Hamazaki, 2011 [45] | Japan | 176 | 92.4 | 5 | Erythrocyte | DHA | HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality: T3 (>8.1%) vs. T1 (<7.2%): 0.43 (0.21–0.88) |
Huang, 2012 [47] | Sweden | 222 | 12 | 1.5 | PL | LA, ALA, MA LC n-3 | HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality: LA: 0.89 (0.79–0.99) ALA: 0.89 (0.65–1.23) MA: 1.33 (1.17–1.52) LC n-3: 0.91 (0.72–1.16) |
Friedman, 2013 [23] | USA | 400 | N/A | 1 | Total serum, PL | Total SFA, DPA | OR (95% CI) for sudden cardiac death: Total serum Total SFA: 1.01 (1.00–1.02), p = 0.0258 DPA: 0.70 (0.51–0.97), p = 0.0334 PL DPA: 0.82 (0.69–0.98) ‡, p = 0.0254 |
Friedman, 2013 [24] | USA | 400 | N/A | 1 | PL | LC n-3 | OR (95% CI) for sudden cardiac death: Q4 (4.15–15.11%) vs. Q1 (1.27–3.07%): 0.20 (0.08–0.51), p = 0.001 |
Shoji, 2013 [63] | Japan | 517 | 110.4 | 5 | Total serum | (EPA + DHA)/AA ratio | HR (95% CI) for CV events: Q1 (0.63–0.83) vs. Q4 (1.54–2.03): 1.92 (1.25–2.95), p = 0.005 |
Terashima, 2014 [25] | Japan | 176 | 92.4 | 10 | Erythrocyte | DHA, OA | HR (95% CI) for all-cause mortality: DHA T3 (>8.1%) vs. T1 (<7.2%): 0.52 (0.30–0.91) OA T3 (>13.8%) vs. T1 (<13.3%): 0.46 (0.25–0.84) |
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Khor, B.-H.; Narayanan, S.S.; Chinna, K.; Gafor, A.H.A.; Daud, Z.A.M.; Khosla, P.; Sundram, K.; Karupaiah, T. Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101353
Khor B-H, Narayanan SS, Chinna K, Gafor AHA, Daud ZAM, Khosla P, Sundram K, Karupaiah T. Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101353
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhor, Ban-Hock, Sreelakshmi Sankara Narayanan, Karuthan Chinna, Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor, Zulfitri Azuan Mat Daud, Pramod Khosla, Kalyana Sundram, and Tilakavati Karupaiah. 2018. "Blood Fatty Acid Status and Clinical Outcomes in Dialysis Patients: A Systematic Review" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101353