Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Initial Screening
2.3. Participants
2.4. Treatment
2.5. Cognitive and Mood Measures
2.5.1. Word Presentation
2.5.2. Immediate Word Recall
2.5.3. Simple Reaction Time (SRT)
2.5.4. Digit Vigilance
2.5.5. Choice Reaction Time (CRT)
2.5.6. Visual Analogue Scales (VAS)
2.6. Procedure
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participant Demographics
3.2. Baseline Performance
3.3. Intervention Effects
3.3.1. Digit Vigilance
3.3.2. Choice Reaction Time
3.3.3. Simple Reaction Time, Word Recall and VAS Mood Scale Ratings
3.4. Treatment Guess
3.5. Safety Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredient | Function | Quantity per Unit | |
---|---|---|---|
Placebo | Seaweed | ||
Brown Seaweed Powder | Active ingredient | 0 mg | 250 mg |
Microcrystalline cellulose | Bulking agent | 191 mg | 100 mg |
Calcium phosphate dibasic | Diluent | 287 mg | 150 mg |
Magnesium stearate | Lubricant | 5 mg | 5 mg |
Caramel | Color | 25 mg | 3 mg |
Capsules composition: | |||
Titanium dioxide Hypromellose | Opacifier Structure | 1.8 mg 94.3 mg | 0 mg 0 mg |
Measure | Placebo | Seaweed | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
N | 29 | - | 30 | - |
Sex (% male) | 59 | - | 50 | - |
Age (years) | 37.9 | ±16.9 | 33.1 | ±14.6 |
Years in education | 17.5 | ±0.85 | 17.6 | ±0.66 |
Caffeine consumption (mg/day) | 165.2 | ±118.0 | 170.3 | ±109.3 |
Fruit and vegetables (portion/day) | 3.78 | ±1.17 | 4.37 | ±1.61 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 | ±3.05 | 24.2 | ±3.55 |
Threshold | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval (95%) | Significance (p-Value) |
---|---|---|---|
≥4 | 1.61 | (0.62, 4.22) | 0.33 |
≥5 | 2.9 | (1.16, 7.27) | 0.02 |
≥6 | 2.77 | (1.0, 7.81) | 0.05 |
≥7 | 3.41 | (1.21, 9.66) | 0.02 |
Measure | Treatment | N | Repetition | Baseline | SE | Session Post-Lunch | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 min | 40 min | 80 min | 120 min | 160 min | SE | ||||||
Simple Reaction Time (ms) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 295.7 | ±7.11 | 290.7 | 294.2 | 322.2 | 324.9 | 342.9 | ±24.0 |
2 | - | 324.4 | 370.9 | 380.5 | 375.8 | 394.6 | |||||
3 | - | 425 | 406.5 | 416.8 | 421.9 | 391.8 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 276.9 | ±6.39 | 293.4 | 305.7 | 323.7 | 322.3 | 333.4 | ±23.6 | |
2 | - | 316 | 346.8 | 342.2 | 375.8 | 375.5 | |||||
3 | - | 359.8 | 390.9 | 401.1 | 443.4 | 381.6 | |||||
Digit Vigilance Accuracy (%) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 89.12 | ±2.61 | 89.5 | 88.8 | 85.4 | 86.4 | 81.5 | ±1.91 |
2 | - | 89.4 | 86 | 83.4 | 85.1 | 81.7 | |||||
3 | - | 87.1 | 84.3 | 80.5 | 82.8 | 84.6 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 93.33 | ±1.63 | 91.6 | 91.2 | 89.3 | 90.4 | 88.4 | ±1.88 | |
2 | - | 90 | 87.4 | 88.1 | 86.9 | 82.9 | |||||
3 | - | 87.6 | 84.6 | 84.7 | 82.5 | 82 | |||||
Digit Vigilance Reaction Time (ms) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 434.7 | ±8.89 | 426.9 | 439.6 | 449.8 | 445.7 | 448.8 | ±5.27 |
2 | - | 437 | 449 | 446.6 | 453.6 | 450.3 | |||||
3 | - | 438.8 | 451.6 | 453.8 | 453.5 | 451.6 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 413.4 | ±5.28 | 439.3 | 444.7 | 449.4 | 448.7 | 447.3 | ±5.18 | |
2 | - | 448.6 | 451.5 | 456 | 456.6 | 458 | |||||
3 | - | 448.2 | 464.7 | 463.6 | 459.2 | 459.6 | |||||
Digit Vigilance False Alarms (Number) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 1.79 | ±0.43 | 2.15 | 2.84 | 3.74 | 3.5 | 3.81 | ±0.49 |
2 | - | 2.39 | 3.39 | 4.01 | 3.43 | 4.43 | |||||
3 | - | 3.7 | 4.5 | 4.67 | 4.19 | 4.6 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 1.5 | ±0.36 | 2.22 | 2.32 | 3.05 | 2.82 | 3.09 | ±0.48 | |
2 | - | 2.09 | 2.69 | 3.25 | 3.39 | 3.99 | |||||
3 | - | 3.52 | 3.95 | 3.45 | 3.59 | 4.39 | |||||
Choice Reaction Time Accuracy (%) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 97.6 | ±0.36 | 96.7 | 96.6 | 95.6 | 95.9 | 96.2 | ±0.55 |
2 | - | 96.6 | 96.4 | 96.7 | 95.2 | 95.8 | |||||
3 | - | 96.5 | 95.8 | 96.2 | 95.3 | 95.4 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 96.2 | ±0.73 | 96.3 | 95.9 | 96 | 96 | 95.9 | ±0.54 | |
2 | - | 95.7 | 95.9 | 96.1 | 95.5 | 95.9 | |||||
3 | - | 95.3 | 95.4 | 94.4 | 95.7 | 96.2 | |||||
Choice Reaction Time (ms) | Placebo | 29 | 1 | 436.4 | ±14.6 | 425.1 | 443.2 | 466 | 474.4 | 475.9 | ±21.1 |
2 | - | 473.9 | 476.6 | 516.3 | 506.7 | 524.8 | |||||
3 | - | 472.4 | 498.7 | 479.8 | 523.2 | 485 | |||||
InSea2® | 30 | 1 | 406.3 | ±7.50 | 429.5 | 448.5 | 457.4 | 468 | 478 | ±20.7 | |
2 | - | 451.9 | 478.8 | 487.5 | 524.4 | 489.8 | |||||
3 | - | 477.9 | 513.5 | 498 | 559.6 | 496.6 |
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Share and Cite
Haskell-Ramsay, C.F.; Jackson, P.A.; Dodd, F.L.; Forster, J.S.; Bérubé, J.; Levinton, C.; Kennedy, D.O. Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans. Nutrients 2018, 10, 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010085
Haskell-Ramsay CF, Jackson PA, Dodd FL, Forster JS, Bérubé J, Levinton C, Kennedy DO. Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans. Nutrients. 2018; 10(1):85. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010085
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaskell-Ramsay, Crystal F., Philippa A. Jackson, Fiona L. Dodd, Joanne S. Forster, Jocelyn Bérubé, Carey Levinton, and David O. Kennedy. 2018. "Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans" Nutrients 10, no. 1: 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010085