Next Article in Journal
A Novel Supervoxel-Based NE-PC Model for Separating Wood and Leaf Components from Terrestrial Laser Scanning Data
Previous Article in Journal
Adaptive Analysis of Ecosystem Stability in China to Soil Moisture Variations: A Perspective Based on Climate Zoning and Land Use Types
Previous Article in Special Issue
Multi-Scale Validation of Suspended Sediment Retrievals in Dynamic Estuaries: Integrating Geostationary and Low-Earth-Orbiting Optical Imagery for Hangzhou Bay
 
 
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Kohler-Polarization Sensor for Glint Removal in Water-Leaving Radiance Measurement

1
Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(12), 1977; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17121977
Submission received: 21 May 2025 / Revised: 3 June 2025 / Accepted: 5 June 2025 / Published: 6 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing Band Ratios for the Assessment of Water Quality)

Abstract

High-precision hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance measurement of water bodies serves as the fundamental technical basis for accurately retrieving spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of water quality parameters, providing critical data support for dynamic monitoring of aquatic ecosystems and pollution source tracing. To address the critical issue of water surface glint interference significantly affecting measurement accuracy in aquatic remote sensing, this study innovatively developed a novel sensor system based on multi-field-of-view Kohler-polarization technology. The system incorporates three Kohler illumination lenses with exceptional surface uniformity exceeding 98.2%, effectively eliminating measurement errors caused by water surface brightness inhomogeneity. By integrating three core technologies—multi-field polarization measurement, skylight blocking, and high-precision radiometric calibration—into a single spectral measurement unit, the system achieves radiation measurement accuracy better than 3%, overcoming the limitations of traditional single-method glint suppression approaches. A glint removal efficiency (GRE) calculation model was established based on a skylight-blocked approach (SBA) and dual-band power function fitting to systematically evaluate glint suppression performance. Experimental results show that the system achieves GRE values of 93.1%, 84.9%, and 78.1% at ±3°, ±7°, and ±12° field-of-view angles, respectively, demonstrating that the ±3° configuration provides a 9.2% performance improvement over the ±7° configuration. Comparative analysis with dual-band power-law fitting reveals a GRE difference of 2.1% (93.1% vs. 95.2%) at ±3° field-of-view, while maintaining excellent consistency (ΔGRE < 3.2%) and goodness-of-fit (R2 > 0.96) across all configurations. Shipborne experiments verified the system’s advantages in glint suppression (9.2%~15% improvement) and data reliability. This research provides crucial technical support for developing an integrated water remote sensing reflectance monitoring system combining in situ measurements, UAV platforms, and satellite observations, significantly enhancing the accuracy and reliability of ocean color remote sensing data.
Keywords: surface glint; remote sensing reflectance; water-leaving radiance; optical remote sensor; optical surveying; surface glint surface glint; remote sensing reflectance; water-leaving radiance; optical remote sensor; optical surveying; surface glint

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, S.; Lin, Y.; Jiang, Y.; Cao, Y.; Zhou, J.; Dong, H.; Liu, X.; Wang, Z.; Ye, X. Kohler-Polarization Sensor for Glint Removal in Water-Leaving Radiance Measurement. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17121977

AMA Style

Liu S, Lin Y, Jiang Y, Cao Y, Zhou J, Dong H, Liu X, Wang Z, Ye X. Kohler-Polarization Sensor for Glint Removal in Water-Leaving Radiance Measurement. Remote Sensing. 2025; 17(12):1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17121977

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Shuangkui, Yuchen Lin, Ye Jiang, Yuan Cao, Jun Zhou, Hang Dong, Xu Liu, Zhe Wang, and Xin Ye. 2025. "Kohler-Polarization Sensor for Glint Removal in Water-Leaving Radiance Measurement" Remote Sensing 17, no. 12: 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17121977

APA Style

Liu, S., Lin, Y., Jiang, Y., Cao, Y., Zhou, J., Dong, H., Liu, X., Wang, Z., & Ye, X. (2025). Kohler-Polarization Sensor for Glint Removal in Water-Leaving Radiance Measurement. Remote Sensing, 17(12), 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17121977

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop