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Volume 16
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10.3390/rs16183518
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Article

On the Consistency of Stochastic Noise Properties and Velocity Estimations from Different Analysis Strategies and Centers with Environmental Loading and CME Corrections

by
Hongli Lv
1,
Xiaoxing He
1,*,
Shunqiang Hu
2,
Xiwen Sun
3,
Jiahui Huang
1,
Rui Fernandes
4,
Wen Xie
5 and
Huajiang Xiong
6
1
School of Civil and Surveying & Mapping Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, No. 86, Hongqi Ave., Ganzhou 341000, China
2
Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
3
School of Surveying and Geoinformation Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
4
Institute Dom Luiz, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
5
Jiangxi Applied Research Institute of BeiDou, No. 699 Changdong Avenue, High Tech Industrial Development Zone, Nanchang 330000, China
6
Jiangxi Natural Resources Surveying, Mapping and Monitoring Institute, Nanchang 330009, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(18), 3518; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183518
Submission received: 24 July 2024 / Revised: 13 September 2024 / Accepted: 17 September 2024 / Published: 22 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in GNSS for Time Series Analysis)
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Abstract

The analysis of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) time series provides valuable information for geodesy and geodynamics research. Precise data analysis strategies are crucial for accurately obtaining the linear velocity of GNSS stations, enabling high-precision applications of GNSS time series. This study investigates the impact of different stochastic noise models on velocity estimations derived from GNSS time series, specifically under conditions of environmental loading correction and common mode error (CME) removal. By comparing data from various data centers, we find that post-correction, different analysis strategies exhibit high consistency in their noise characteristics and velocity estimation results. Across various analysis strategies, the optimal noise models were predominantly Power Law with White Noise (PLWN) and Flicker Noise with White Noise (FNWN), with the optimal noise models including COMB/JPL, COMB/SOPAC, and COMB/NGL for approximately 50% of the datasets. Most of the stations (approximately 80%) showed velocity differences below 0.3 mm/year and velocity estimation uncertainties below 0.1 mm/year. Nonetheless, variations in amplitudes and periodic signals persisted due to differences in the processing of raw GNSS observations. For instance, the NGL and JPL datasets, which were processed using GipsyX 2.1 software, showed higher amplitudes of the 5.5-day periodic signal. These findings provide a solid empirical foundation for advancing data analysis methods and enhancing the reliability of GNSS time series results in future research.
Keywords: GNSS time series; stochastic noise property; velocity estimation; environmental loading; common mode error GNSS time series; stochastic noise property; velocity estimation; environmental loading; common mode error

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lv, H.; He, X.; Hu, S.; Sun, X.; Huang, J.; Fernandes, R.; Xie, W.; Xiong, H. On the Consistency of Stochastic Noise Properties and Velocity Estimations from Different Analysis Strategies and Centers with Environmental Loading and CME Corrections. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183518

AMA Style

Lv H, He X, Hu S, Sun X, Huang J, Fernandes R, Xie W, Xiong H. On the Consistency of Stochastic Noise Properties and Velocity Estimations from Different Analysis Strategies and Centers with Environmental Loading and CME Corrections. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(18):3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183518

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lv, Hongli, Xiaoxing He, Shunqiang Hu, Xiwen Sun, Jiahui Huang, Rui Fernandes, Wen Xie, and Huajiang Xiong. 2024. "On the Consistency of Stochastic Noise Properties and Velocity Estimations from Different Analysis Strategies and Centers with Environmental Loading and CME Corrections" Remote Sensing 16, no. 18: 3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183518

APA Style

Lv, H., He, X., Hu, S., Sun, X., Huang, J., Fernandes, R., Xie, W., & Xiong, H. (2024). On the Consistency of Stochastic Noise Properties and Velocity Estimations from Different Analysis Strategies and Centers with Environmental Loading and CME Corrections. Remote Sensing, 16(18), 3518. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16183518

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