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Volume 16
Issue 17
10.3390/rs16173129
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Article

Perpendicular Electrical Conductivity in the Topside Ionosphere Derived from Swarm Measurements

by
Fabio Giannattasio
1,*,
Alessio Pignalberi
1,
Roberta Tozzi
1,
Paola De Michelis
1,
Simone Mestici
2,
Giuseppe Consolini
3,
Igino Coco
1 and
Michael Pezzopane
1
1
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Rome, Italy
2
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(17), 3129; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173129
Submission received: 27 June 2024 / Revised: 3 August 2024 / Accepted: 21 August 2024 / Published: 24 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Satellite Missions for Earth and Planetary Exploration)
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Abstract

The study of the physical properties of the topside ionosphere is fundamental to investigating the energy balance of the ionosphere and developing accurate models to predict relevant phenomena, which are often at the root of Space Weather effects in the near-Earth environment. One of the most important physical parameters characterising the ionospheric medium is electrical conductivity, which is crucial for the onset and amplification of ionospheric currents and for calculating the power density dissipated by such currents. We characterise, for the first time, electrical conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the geomagnetic field, namely Pedersen and Hall conductivities, in the topside ionosphere at an altitude of about 450 km. For this purpose, we use eight years of in situ simultaneous measurements of electron density, electron temperature and geomagnetic field strength acquired by the Swarm A satellite. We present global statistical maps of perpendicular electrical conductivity and study their variations depending on magnetic latitude and local time, seasons, and solar activity. Our findings indicate that the most prominent features of perpendicular electrical conductivity are located at low latitudes and are probably driven by the complex dynamics of the Equatorial Ionisation Anomaly. At higher latitudes, perpendicular conductivity is a few orders of magnitude lower than that at low latitudes. Nevertheless, conductivity features are modulated by solar activity and seasonal variations at all latitudes.
Keywords: conductivity; topside ionosphere; Swarm satellite conductivity; topside ionosphere; Swarm satellite

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MDPI and ACS Style

Giannattasio, F.; Pignalberi, A.; Tozzi, R.; De Michelis, P.; Mestici, S.; Consolini, G.; Coco, I.; Pezzopane, M. Perpendicular Electrical Conductivity in the Topside Ionosphere Derived from Swarm Measurements. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173129

AMA Style

Giannattasio F, Pignalberi A, Tozzi R, De Michelis P, Mestici S, Consolini G, Coco I, Pezzopane M. Perpendicular Electrical Conductivity in the Topside Ionosphere Derived from Swarm Measurements. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(17):3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173129

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giannattasio, Fabio, Alessio Pignalberi, Roberta Tozzi, Paola De Michelis, Simone Mestici, Giuseppe Consolini, Igino Coco, and Michael Pezzopane. 2024. "Perpendicular Electrical Conductivity in the Topside Ionosphere Derived from Swarm Measurements" Remote Sensing 16, no. 17: 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173129

APA Style

Giannattasio, F., Pignalberi, A., Tozzi, R., De Michelis, P., Mestici, S., Consolini, G., Coco, I., & Pezzopane, M. (2024). Perpendicular Electrical Conductivity in the Topside Ionosphere Derived from Swarm Measurements. Remote Sensing, 16(17), 3129. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16173129

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