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Volume 16
Issue 12
10.3390/rs16122227
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Article

Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property

by
Xiaolei Li
,
Yangjin Xu
,
Wei Gao
*,
Haozhong Wang
and
Liang Wang
School of Marine Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(12), 2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122227
Submission received: 16 May 2024 / Revised: 12 June 2024 / Accepted: 18 June 2024 / Published: 19 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Topic Advances in Underwater Acoustics and Aeroacoustics)
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Abstract

The passive estimation of harmonic sound source depth is of great significance for underwater target localization and identification. Passive source depth estimation using a single hydrophone with an unknown seabed geoacoustic property is a crucial challenge. To address this issue, a harmonic sound source depth estimation algorithm, seabed independent depth estimation (SIDE) algorithm, is proposed. This algorithm combines the estimated mode depth functions, modal amplitudes, and the sign of each modal to estimate the sound source depth. The performance of the SIDE algorithm is analyzed by simulations. Results show that the SIDE is insensitive to the initial range of the sound source, the source depth, the hydrophone depth, the source velocity, and the type of the seabed. Finally, the effectiveness of the SIDE algorithm is verified by the SWellEX-96 data.
Keywords: depth estimation; normal mode separation; modal sign search; matched mode processing depth estimation; normal mode separation; modal sign search; matched mode processing
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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, X.; Xu, Y.; Gao, W.; Wang, H.; Wang, L. Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property. Remote Sens. 2024, 16, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122227

AMA Style

Li X, Xu Y, Gao W, Wang H, Wang L. Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property. Remote Sensing. 2024; 16(12):2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122227

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Xiaolei, Yangjin Xu, Wei Gao, Haozhong Wang, and Liang Wang. 2024. "Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property" Remote Sensing 16, no. 12: 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122227

APA Style

Li, X., Xu, Y., Gao, W., Wang, H., & Wang, L. (2024). Harmonic Source Depth Estimation by a Single Hydrophone under Unknown Seabed Geoacoustic Property. Remote Sensing, 16(12), 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16122227

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