Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current of Eight Major Tidal Constituents in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methodology
2.1. Data
2.2. Model and Parameters
3. Results
3.1. Harmonic Constants Validation with T/P-Jason Data
3.2. Harmonic Constants Validation with Tidal Gauges Data
3.3. Water Elevation Validation
3.4. Cotidal Charts
3.5. Tidal Current Validation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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RMS (cm) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 3.48 | 1.29 | 1.30 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 1.09 | 0.77 | 0.52 |
FES2014 | 1.26 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.47 | 0.57 | 0.60 | 0.68 | 0.48 |
TPXO9 | 8.94 | 3.00 | 3.22 | 2.35 | 1.64 | 1.24 | 1.15 | 0.74 |
EOT20 | 1.20 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 0.52 | 0.69 | 0.42 |
NAO.99b | 3.10 | 1.91 | 1.31 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 0.85 | 0.78 | 0.80 |
NAO.99Jb | 3.01 | 2.04 | 1.43 | 1.22 | 1.20 | 0.89 | 0.85 | 0.77 |
(cm) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 1.86 | 0.68 | 0.78 | 0.70 | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.58 | 0.37 |
FES2014 | 0.82 | 0.57 | 0.87 | 0.34 | 0.39 | 0.45 | 0.54 | 0.33 |
TPXO9 | 4.46 | 1.77 | 1.75 | 1.16 | 0.89 | 0.91 | 0.82 | 0.56 |
EOT20 | 0.79 | 0.49 | 0.92 | 0.39 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.55 | 0.30 |
NAO.99b | 2.35 | 1.43 | 0.93 | 0.92 | 0.96 | 0.62 | 0.61 | 0.53 |
NAO.99Jb | 2.18 | 1.55 | 1.06 | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.54 |
(°) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 1.76 | 2.01 | 3.45 | 2.88 | 2.43 | 6.77 | 6.60 | 9.00 |
FES2014 | 0.73 | 1.48 | 2.28 | 1.40 | 1.80 | 3.36 | 5.62 | 7.98 |
TPXO9 | 4.42 | 4.00 | 5.79 | 4.81 | 5.16 | 7.01 | 7.59 | 11.25 |
EOT20 | 0.75 | 1.60 | 2.42 | 1.35 | 1.47 | 2.97 | 5.29 | 6.68 |
NAO.99b | 1.72 | 2.89 | 2.97 | 2.59 | 3.36 | 5.19 | 6.02 | 13.76 |
NAO.99Jb | 1.89 | 2.89 | 2.88 | 3.01 | 3.61 | 4.91 | 6.13 | 12.48 |
M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SR | 2.66 | 0.99 | 1.13 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 1.13 | 0.76 | 0.33 |
FES2014 | 1.04 | 0.80 | 0.41 | 0.38 | 0.42 | 0.65 | 0.52 | 0.26 |
TPXO9 | 3.62 | 1.63 | 1.13 | 1.10 | 0.75 | 1.39 | 0.83 | 0.60 |
EOT20 | 1.33 | 0.90 | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.38 | 0.66 | 0.64 | 0.31 |
NAO.99b | 1.65 | 1.32 | 0.72 | 1.13 | 1.02 | 1.01 | 0.64 | 0.56 |
NAO.99Jb | 2.23 | 1.53 | 0.59 | 1.31 | 0.96 | 0.92 | 0.59 | 0.61 |
RMS (cm) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 9.22 | 5.57 | 2.73 | 3.76 | 1.96 | 1.57 | 0.90 | 0.82 |
FES2014 | 7.55 | 4.54 | 2.74 | 3.72 | 1.74 | 1.32 | 0.89 | 0.83 |
TPXO9 | 9.63 | 5.52 | 3.53 | 4.40 | 2.45 | 1.18 | 0.98 | 1.03 |
EOT20 | 7.21 | 4.33 | 2.87 | 4.07 | 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.82 | 0.86 |
NAO.99b | 14.59 | 6.90 | 3.40 | 4.29 | 2.60 | 1.30 | 0.91 | 0.87 |
NAO.99Jb | 7.34 | 4.48 | 3.72 | 4.79 | 1.89 | 1.52 | 1.10 | 1.07 |
(cm) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 5.51 | 2.91 | 1.63 | 1.29 | 1.08 | 0.97 | 0.57 | 0.45 |
FES2014 | 4.34 | 2.87 | 1.74 | 1.27 | 1.17 | 0.81 | 0.57 | 0.43 |
TPXO9 | 5.48 | 2.87 | 2.16 | 1.47 | 1.22 | 0.69 | 0.72 | 0.70 |
EOT20 | 4.05 | 2.51 | 1.72 | 1.16 | 0.76 | 0.55 | 0.66 | 0.51 |
NAO.99b | 7.74 | 4.09 | 2.39 | 1.88 | 1.28 | 0.67 | 0.69 | 0.58 |
NAO.99Jb | 3.95 | 2.89 | 2.37 | 1.72 | 1.08 | 0.77 | 0.82 | 0.79 |
(°) | M2 | S2 | K1 | O1 | N2 | K2 | P1 | Q1 |
SR | 6.26 | 8.61 | 3.79 | 5.72 | 8.61 | 10.03 | 5.10 | 9.72 |
FES2014 | 4.85 | 6.76 | 3.74 | 5.34 | 4.15 | 8.18 | 4.58 | 10.57 |
TPXO9 | 5.18 | 7.78 | 4.75 | 8.02 | 6.67 | 8.31 | 4.51 | 8.11 |
EOT20 | 4.79 | 6.94 | 3.70 | 6.16 | 4.98 | 8.74 | 3.54 | 9.73 |
NAO.99b | 7.11 | 8.84 | 3.99 | 5.80 | 9.16 | 9.61 | 4.23 | 9.49 |
NAO.99Jb | 5.57 | 7.75 | 5.03 | 7.05 | 7.13 | 12.16 | 5.09 | 9.68 |
SR | FES2014 | TPXO9 | EOT20 | NAO.99b | NAO.99Jb | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S1 | 4.84 | 4.29 | 5.75 | 4.19 | 38.34 | 4.29 |
S2 | 11.59 | 10.07 | 10.00 | 10.16 | 96.57 | 10.07 |
G1 | 14.64 | 12.02 | 12.61 | 12.04 | 15.24 | 12.29 |
G2 | 22.05 | 22.31 | 22.80 | 21.93 | 26.65 | |
G3 | 14.55 | 13.77 | 16.74 | 14.74 | ||
G4 | 17.58 | 16.61 | 17.32 | 16.64 | 16.66 | 16.32 |
G5 | 15.05 | 14.06 | 14.33 | 14.11 | 16.48 | 15.26 |
G6 | 16.26 | 14.37 | 18.62 | 14.34 | 13.60 | |
G7 | 20.64 | 18.33 | 24.93 | 18.18 |
u | v | Max | |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 14.11 | 5.53 | 76.28 |
2 | 13.80 | 4.21 | 68.67 |
3 | 13.38 | 4.59 | 70.75 |
4 | 10.92 | 10.06 | 77.00 |
5 | 4.65 | 8.27 | 88.09 |
6 | 3.97 | 9.73 | 86.10 |
7 | 8.75 | 5.36 | 69.17 |
8 | 3.99 | 6.18 | 66.53 |
9 | 3.58 | 6.33 | 55.45 |
10 | 9.03 | 6.46 | 74.07 |
11 | 8.94 | 6.48 | 49.87 |
12 | 4.56 | 7.05 | 54.62 |
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Liu, Z.; Jiao, S.; Liu, X.; Lv, X. Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current of Eight Major Tidal Constituents in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas. Remote Sens. 2023, 15, 3735. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153735
Liu Z, Jiao S, Liu X, Lv X. Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current of Eight Major Tidal Constituents in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas. Remote Sensing. 2023; 15(15):3735. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153735
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Zizhou, Shengyi Jiao, Xingchuan Liu, and Xianqing Lv. 2023. "Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Tide and Tidal Current of Eight Major Tidal Constituents in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas" Remote Sensing 15, no. 15: 3735. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153735