Use of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Satellites for Water Quality Monitoring: An Early Warning Tool in the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Satellite Imagery
2.2. In Situ Data
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Multisensor Approach and Preprocessing
3.2. Validation of the Water Quality Algorithms
3.3. Water Quality Monitoring
3.4. An Early Warning Tool with High Spatial Resolution
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sentinel-2A/B | Landsat-8 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Month | Day | Observations | Number | Month | Day | Observations |
1 | May | 5 | Severe sunglint | 1 | May | 6 | Severe sunglint |
2 | May | 15 | Severe sunglint | 2 | May | 15 | Severe sunglint |
3 | May | 20 | Clouds | 3 | May | 22 | Clouds |
4 | May | 25 | Clouds | 4 | May | 31 | Clouds |
5 | May | 30 | Clouds | 5 | June | 7 | Severe sunglint |
6 | June | 4 | Clouds | 6 | June | 16 | Clouds |
7 | June | 9 | Severe sunglint | 7 | June | 23 | Severe sunglint |
8 | June | 14 | Severe sunglint | 8 | July | 2 | Good quality |
9 | June | 19 | Clouds | 9 | July | 9 | Clouds |
10 | June | 24 | Clouds | 10 | July | 18 | Good quality |
11 | June | 29 | Clouds | 11 | July | 25 | Clouds |
12 | July | 4 | Severe sunglint | 12 | August | 3 | Good quality |
13 | July | 9 | Clouds | 13 | August | 10 | Clouds |
14 | July | 14 | Severe sunglint | 14 | August | 19 | Clouds |
15 | July | 19 | Clouds | 15 | August | 26 | Sunglint |
16 | July | 24 | Severe sunglint | 16 | September | 4 | Clouds |
17 | July | 29 | Clouds | 17 | September | 11 | Good quality |
18 | August | 3 | Good quality | 18 | September | 20 | Clouds |
19 | August | 8 | Clouds | 19 | September | 27 | Clouds |
20 | August | 13 | Good quality | ||||
21 | August | 18 | Good quality | ||||
22 | August | 23 | Clouds | ||||
23 | August | 28 | Clouds | ||||
24 | September | 2 | Clouds | ||||
25 | September | 7 | Clouds | ||||
26 | September | 12 | Good quality | ||||
27 | September | 17 | Good quality | ||||
28 | September | 22 | Clouds | ||||
29 | September | 27 | Clouds |
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Caballero, I.; Roca, M.; Santos-Echeandía, J.; Bernárdez, P.; Navarro, G. Use of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Satellites for Water Quality Monitoring: An Early Warning Tool in the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon. Remote Sens. 2022, 14, 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122744
Caballero I, Roca M, Santos-Echeandía J, Bernárdez P, Navarro G. Use of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Satellites for Water Quality Monitoring: An Early Warning Tool in the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon. Remote Sensing. 2022; 14(12):2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122744
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaballero, Isabel, Mar Roca, Juan Santos-Echeandía, Patricia Bernárdez, and Gabriel Navarro. 2022. "Use of the Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 Satellites for Water Quality Monitoring: An Early Warning Tool in the Mar Menor Coastal Lagoon" Remote Sensing 14, no. 12: 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14122744