High-Resolution Aerial Detection of Marine Plastic Litter by Hyperspectral Sensing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Inspected Sites
2.2. The Hyperspectral Imaging System, the UAV, and Onboard Instrumentation
2.3. Hyperspectral Image Processing
- (i)
- Transformation of visible images taken over the scene into a single image obtained through a mosaicking procedure; translations, rotations, and scale changes between each couple of consecutive images are taken into account.
- (ii)
- Use of mosaicking results to correctly assign the line image acquired by the spectrometer within the investigated area.
- (iii)
- Construction of the hyperspectral cube (image of the scene at the different wavelengths).
2.4. The Plastics Detection Algorithm
- Set 1 contains all samples of the original set, labeled into plastics (positive class) or non-plastics (negative class). This set reflects the final purpose of the detection.
- Set 2 contains all samples of PE for the positive class, and all non-plastic samples in the negative class.
- Set 3 is obtained in the same way as Set 2, for PET samples.
- Set 4 contains all samples of PE for the positive class, and all non-plastic samples together with all PET samples in the negative class.
- Set 5 is obtained in the same way as Set 4, but for PET samples in the positive class and PE samples in the negative one.
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rank Order | PE Wavelength [nm] | PET Wavelength [nm] |
---|---|---|
1 | 1150 | 1620 |
2 | 1560 | 1550 |
3 | 1210 | 1180 |
4 | 1270 | 1570 |
5 | 1570 | 1510 |
6 | 1180 | 1270 |
7 | 1550 | 1560 |
8 | 1220 | 1220 |
9 | 1200 | 1540 |
10 | 1250 | 1240 |
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Balsi, M.; Moroni, M.; Chiarabini, V.; Tanda, G. High-Resolution Aerial Detection of Marine Plastic Litter by Hyperspectral Sensing. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081557
Balsi M, Moroni M, Chiarabini V, Tanda G. High-Resolution Aerial Detection of Marine Plastic Litter by Hyperspectral Sensing. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(8):1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081557
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalsi, Marco, Monica Moroni, Valter Chiarabini, and Giovanni Tanda. 2021. "High-Resolution Aerial Detection of Marine Plastic Litter by Hyperspectral Sensing" Remote Sensing 13, no. 8: 1557. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13081557