Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methodology
2.1. Lidars
2.1.1. Instrumentation
2.1.2. Retrieval Method for the Extinction Coefficient
2.1.3. Retrieval Method for the Depolarization Ratio
2.1.4. The Fitting Method between Particulate Mass Concentration and Extinction Coefficient, Depolarization Ratio
2.1.5. Lidar Network
2.2. Ground Observation Data
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of the Concentration of Particles Monitored on the Ground
3.2. Meteorological Conditions Causing the Dust
3.2.1. Dynamic Conditions
3.2.2. Thermal Conditions
3.3. Results from Lidar Network
3.3.1. Extinction Coefficient and Depolarization Ratio
3.3.2. The Fitting of the Extinction Coefficient with the Particulate Concentration
3.3.3. Retrieval of Vertical Distribution of Particulate Concentration
4. Conclusions
- The duration of the dust event was short, but its area of influence was wide and the intensity was very strong. The peak hourly-concentration of PM10 in Jinchang and Wuwei was more than 4000 µg·m−3. During the period of strong dust, the values of PM2.5/PM10 in cities examined were less than 0.2 and the extinction coefficient became greater than 1 km−1 using Lidar observations. In addition, the growth rates of PM2.5 were higher than that of PM10 after long distance transportation of dust.
- The strong concentration of dust mainly concentrated in 1 km, and the height of dust near the sand source was 2 km. When the dust particles were transported about 200–300 km, the height increased by 1–2 km. However, the concentration decreased obviously.
- The depolarization ratios showed that the particles over Tengger Desert were more spherical than those over Badain Jaran Desert.
- The formula of fitting the concentration of particulate with extinction coefficient in Northwest China was found firstly, which realized the research of dust event from qualitative to quantitative. There was a linear relationship between 532 nm extinction coefficient and the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10. The R2 in Yumen, Aksay and Baiyin were inferior slightly, which were 0.706 to 0.879. The R2 in Jiayuguan, Jinchang and Wuwei were greater than 0.9.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Performance | Parameter |
---|---|
Laser transmitter | Nd: YAG laser |
wavelength | 532 nm/355 nm |
Maximum pulse energy | 30 mJ@355 nm; 25 mJ@532 nm |
spatial resolution | 7.5 m |
time resolution | 5 min |
Receiving channel | 355 nm ∥; 532 nm ∥; 355 nm ⊥ |
Blind zone | 30 m |
Incomplete-overlap zone | 120 m |
Lidar | Longitude (°E) | Latitude (°N) |
---|---|---|
Aksay | 94.340 | 39.633 |
Yumen | 97.048 | 40.289 |
Jiayuguan | 98.321 | 39.750 |
Jinchang | 102.194 | 38.532 |
Wuwei | 102.649 | 37.914 |
Baiyin | 104.131 | 36.537 |
Lidar | Number (RH < 80%) | The Fitting Formula | R2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PM2.5 | PM10 | PM2.5 | PM10 | ||
Jiayuguan | 93 | y = 415.665 x + 18.248 | y = 1070.651x + 50.766 | 0.935 | 0.935 |
Yumen | 67 | y = 357.712 x + 25.618 | y = 2519.977x + 97.370 | 0.786 | 0.728 |
Aksay | 85 | y = 370.178 x + 40.317 | y = 2117.709x + 115.663 | 0.821 | 0.879 |
Jinchang | 97 | y = 409.400 x + 13.669 | y = 2392.236x − 10.305 | 0.914 | 0.952 |
Wuwei | 97 | y = 340.963 x + 32.053 | y = 2229.356x + 121.959 | 0.982 | 0.987 |
Baiyin | 97 | y = 422.350 x + 21.971 | y = 2060.090x + 47.624 | 0.706 | 0.716 |
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Yang, L.; Hu, Z.; Huang, Z.; Wang, L.; Han, W.; Yang, Y.; Tao, H.; Wang, J. Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061056
Yang L, Hu Z, Huang Z, Wang L, Han W, Yang Y, Tao H, Wang J. Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(6):1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061056
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Lili, Zhiyuan Hu, Zhongwei Huang, Lina Wang, Wenyu Han, Yanping Yang, Huijie Tao, and Jing Wang. 2021. "Detection of a Dust Storm in 2020 by a Multi-Observation Platform over the Northwest China" Remote Sensing 13, no. 6: 1056. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061056