Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Expansion Patterns in Mainland Chinese Urban Land between 1995 and 2015
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Methods
2.3.1. Methods for Quantifying Urban Land Spatial Expansion
2.3.2. Methods for Calculating Land Sources for Urbanization
2.3.3. Methods for Calculating Urban Land Use Spatial Expansion
3. Results
3.1. Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Urban Land Use Expansion in Mainland China
3.2. Analysis of Land Sources for Urbanization
3.3. Urban Land Use Spatial Expansion Patterns
3.4. Urban Land Expansion in Major Urban Agglomerations in China
3.5. Urban Land Spatial Expansion Patterns for Major Cities in China
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area (million km2) | 3.06 | 3.18 | 4.05 | 4.5 | 5.07 |
Expansion area (million km2) | / | 0.12 | 0.87 | 0.45 | 0.57 |
Rate of expansion (%) | / | 0.78 | 5.47 | 2.22 | 2.53 |
Type of City | 1995 (%) | 2000 (%) | 2005 (%) | 2010 (%) | 2015 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Megacity | 11.83 | 11.36 | 11.83 | 12.00 | 10.96 |
Megalopolis | 9.44 | 8.76 | 10.60 | 10.89 | 10.42 |
Large city | 11.23 | 12.17 | 12.48 | 12.26 | 12.74 |
Total | 32.50 | 32.29 | 34.91 | 35.15 | 34.11 |
Time Period | Arable Land (%) | Forests (%) | Grassland (%) | Water Areas (%) | Other Built Areas (%) | Unused Land (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1995–2000 | 65.36 | 10.65 | 5.05 | 7.45 | 10.35 | 1.14 |
2000–2005 | 66.38 | 8.34 | 2.80 | 4.30 | 17.23 | 0.95 |
2005–2010 | 72.00 | 6.19 | 2.18 | 3.59 | 15.61 | 0.42 |
2010–2015 | 74.88 | 5.44 | 8.15 | 1.84 | 7.34 | 2.36 |
1995–2015 Overall | 67.98 | 9.15 | 5.10 | 5.36 | 11.07 | 1.33 |
Infill Type Study Period | Enclave | Edge | Infill | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quantity | % | Quantity | % | Quantity | % | |
1995–2005 | 32 | 8.72 | 274 | 74.66 | 61 | 16.62 |
2005–2015 | 49 | 13.35 | 296 | 80.65 | 22 | 5.99 |
Change | 17 | 4.63 | 22 | 5.99 | −39 | −10.63 |
Name | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | Expansion Area | Rate of Expansion | Intensity of Urban Expansion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BTH | 34.05 | 34.95 | 44.40 | 47.42 | 50.32 | 16.27 | 2.39% | 0.04% |
YRD | 39.23 | 42.63 | 59.90 | 68.53 | 79.44 | 40.21 | 5.12% | 0.09% |
PRD | 21.99 | 17.22 | 32.86 | 37.74 | 38.31 | 16.32 | 3.71% | 0.15% |
CC | 8.98 | 11.00 | 14.11 | 17.37 | 18.78 | 9.80 | 5.46% | 0.02% |
CP | 26.83 | 30.89 | 38.59 | 43.03 | 49.46 | 22.63 | 4.22% | 0.04% |
TCC | 23.51 | 23.04 | 28.36 | 30.85 | 33.00 | 9.49 | 2.02% | 0.01% |
LZN | 10.23 | 12.10 | 12.67 | 13.96 | 14.70 | 4.47 | 2.18% | 0.03% |
NSTM | 4.80 | 5.84 | 6.31 | 6.43 | 9.61 | 4.81 | 5.01% | 0.01% |
HC | 15.51 | 16.99 | 17.80 | 19.06 | 21.95 | 6.44 | 2.08% | 0.01% |
BG | 8.20 | 7.71 | 9.05 | 9.61 | 10.29 | 2.09 | 1.28% | 0.01% |
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Cheng, C.; Yang, X.; Cai, H. Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Expansion Patterns in Mainland Chinese Urban Land between 1995 and 2015. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 2090. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112090
Cheng C, Yang X, Cai H. Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Expansion Patterns in Mainland Chinese Urban Land between 1995 and 2015. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(11):2090. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112090
Chicago/Turabian StyleCheng, Chuanzhou, Xiaohuan Yang, and Hongyan Cai. 2021. "Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Changes and Expansion Patterns in Mainland Chinese Urban Land between 1995 and 2015" Remote Sensing 13, no. 11: 2090. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13112090