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Article

Multitemporal Analysis of Soil Sealing and Land Use Changes Linked to Urban Expansion of Salamanca (Spain) Using Landsat Images and Soil Carbon Management as a Mitigating Tool for Climate Change

by
Marco Criado
1,
Fernando Santos-Francés
1,
Antonio Martínez-Graña
2,*,
Yolanda Sánchez
2 and
Leticia Merchán
1
1
Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Salamanca, Avenue Filiberto Villalobos, 119, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
2
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Salamanca, Plaza de la Merced s/n., 37008 Salamanca, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(7), 1131; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071131
Submission received: 10 February 2020 / Revised: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 / Published: 2 April 2020

Abstract

The lack of urban sustainability is a widespread deficiency in urban agglomerations. To achieve adequate land use, we present a methodology that allows for: 1) the identification of the impacts caused by urban expansion since 1956 to the present in Salamanca (Spain); and 2) the promotion of a more sustainable future in urban development. A multi-temporal assessment of land use was made by remote sensing, while sustainability criteria were analyzed using the multicriteria analysis (MCA) with Geographical Information Systems (GIS). In addition, we established recommendations for soil carbon management in semi-arid ecosystem soils that contribute to climate change mitigation. The results show an increase of the urbanized area from 3.8% to 22.3% in the studied period, identifying up to 15% of buildings in zones with some type of restriction. In 71% of the cases, urbanization caused the sealing of productive agricultural soils (2519 Ha), almost 20% of which were of the highest quality. In last few decades, an excessive increase of built-up areas in comparison to population dynamics was identified, which causes unnecessary soil sealing that affects the food production and the capacity to mitigate climate change by managing the carbon cycle in the soil.
Keywords: city expansion; climate change; land use management; soil organic carbon; soil sealing city expansion; climate change; land use management; soil organic carbon; soil sealing
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Criado, M.; Santos-Francés, F.; Martínez-Graña, A.; Sánchez, Y.; Merchán, L. Multitemporal Analysis of Soil Sealing and Land Use Changes Linked to Urban Expansion of Salamanca (Spain) Using Landsat Images and Soil Carbon Management as a Mitigating Tool for Climate Change. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071131

AMA Style

Criado M, Santos-Francés F, Martínez-Graña A, Sánchez Y, Merchán L. Multitemporal Analysis of Soil Sealing and Land Use Changes Linked to Urban Expansion of Salamanca (Spain) Using Landsat Images and Soil Carbon Management as a Mitigating Tool for Climate Change. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(7):1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071131

Chicago/Turabian Style

Criado, Marco, Fernando Santos-Francés, Antonio Martínez-Graña, Yolanda Sánchez, and Leticia Merchán. 2020. "Multitemporal Analysis of Soil Sealing and Land Use Changes Linked to Urban Expansion of Salamanca (Spain) Using Landsat Images and Soil Carbon Management as a Mitigating Tool for Climate Change" Remote Sensing 12, no. 7: 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071131

APA Style

Criado, M., Santos-Francés, F., Martínez-Graña, A., Sánchez, Y., & Merchán, L. (2020). Multitemporal Analysis of Soil Sealing and Land Use Changes Linked to Urban Expansion of Salamanca (Spain) Using Landsat Images and Soil Carbon Management as a Mitigating Tool for Climate Change. Remote Sensing, 12(7), 1131. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12071131

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