Evaluation of Terra-MODIS C6 and C6.1 Aerosol Products against Beijing, XiangHe, and Xinglong AERONET Sites in China during 2004-2014
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data Sets
3. Methodology
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Validation of MODIS AOD Retrievals at Local Scale
4.2. Evaluation of MODIS AOD Retrievals at Regional Scale
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- DT, DB, and DTB C6 and C6.1 collocated AOD retrievals correlated well with AERONET AOD measurements at the three designated sites.
- (2)
- DT C6.1 collocated AOD retrievals were better than C6 due to use of modified surface reflectance ratios, and, overall, both had a large error at Beijing.
- (3)
- DB has more collocations than DT over Xinglong, although DT is designed to retrieve AOD over these surfaces.
- (4)
- DB C6 and C6.1 AOD retrievals performed equally, as no significant changes in DB C6.1 compared to C6 were observed.
- (5)
- The percentage of DTB-collocated AOD retrievals ↔EE increased, and the RMSE and RPME decreased due to improvements/changes in the DT C6.1 at Beijing.
- (6)
- At the regional scale, DB C6 and C6.1 AOD retrievals performed better than DT and DTB C6 and C6.1 AOD.
- (7)
- For diverse vegetated surfaces, the percentage of DT C6 and C6.1-collocated AOD was less than 68% for MVS surfaces, where the reasonable performance of DT was expected since it was designed and developed to retrieve accurate AOD for vegetated surfaces.
- (8)
- DT and DB-collocated AOD retrievals performed better than each other over surfaces with NDVI < 0.2 and NDVI > 0.2, respectively, in terms of small RMSE and a large percentage of collocated retrievals ↔EE.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Scientific Data Set (SDS) | AOD |
---|---|---|
AERONET | Version 3 Level 2.0 | AOD |
MOD04 C6 and C6.1 | Optical_Depth_Land_And_Ocean | DT AOD over land and ocean |
Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land | DB AOD over land | |
Deep_Blue_Aerosol_Optical_Depth_550_Land_QA_flag | Indicate quality of pixel | |
AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined | DT, DB or their average AOD | |
AOD_550_Dark_Target_Deep_Blue_Combined_QA_Flag | Indicate quality of pixel | |
MOD13A3 C6 | 1 km NDVI | Monthly NDVI |
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Bilal, M.; Nazeer, M.; Nichol, J.; Qiu, Z.; Wang, L.; Bleiweiss, M.P.; Shen, X.; Campbell, J.R.; Lolli, S. Evaluation of Terra-MODIS C6 and C6.1 Aerosol Products against Beijing, XiangHe, and Xinglong AERONET Sites in China during 2004-2014. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050486
Bilal M, Nazeer M, Nichol J, Qiu Z, Wang L, Bleiweiss MP, Shen X, Campbell JR, Lolli S. Evaluation of Terra-MODIS C6 and C6.1 Aerosol Products against Beijing, XiangHe, and Xinglong AERONET Sites in China during 2004-2014. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(5):486. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050486
Chicago/Turabian StyleBilal, Muhammad, Majid Nazeer, Janet Nichol, Zhongfeng Qiu, Lunche Wang, Max P. Bleiweiss, Xiaojing Shen, James R. Campbell, and Simone Lolli. 2019. "Evaluation of Terra-MODIS C6 and C6.1 Aerosol Products against Beijing, XiangHe, and Xinglong AERONET Sites in China during 2004-2014" Remote Sensing 11, no. 5: 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050486
APA StyleBilal, M., Nazeer, M., Nichol, J., Qiu, Z., Wang, L., Bleiweiss, M. P., Shen, X., Campbell, J. R., & Lolli, S. (2019). Evaluation of Terra-MODIS C6 and C6.1 Aerosol Products against Beijing, XiangHe, and Xinglong AERONET Sites in China during 2004-2014. Remote Sensing, 11(5), 486. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11050486