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Article

How Green Value Co-Creation and Perceived Greenwashing Affect Customer Brand Advocacy in Vietnam’s Tourism Industry

by
Ngan Thi Huyen Nguyen
,
Hang Thi Bich Tran
,
Nhung Thi Hong Duong
and
Hanh Hong Duong
*
Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Thuongmai University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2026, 18(8), 3660; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083660
Submission received: 2 March 2026 / Revised: 24 March 2026 / Accepted: 2 April 2026 / Published: 8 April 2026

Abstract

This paper presents a study on green value co-creation behavior in the relationship to tourists’ behavior, including perceived green empowerment, experience value, satisfaction and brand advocacy, specifically considering the role of perceived greenwashing in these relationships based on Service-Dominant Logic. A quantitative study using the structural equation modeling analysis technique was conducted with customers of tourism businesses in Vietnam. The result of the study shows that green value co-creation behavior has a positive effect on perceived green empowerment, experience value, satisfaction and brand advocacy. In addition, the study also shows the positive effect of perceived green empowerment, experience value and satisfaction on brand advocacy. Perceived greenwashing reduces the impact of green value co-creation behavior on perceived green empowerment, experience value and satisfaction. The research results provide empirical evidence confirming the important positive role of green value co-creation and the barrier role of perceived greenwashing in achieving positive outcomes on customer behavior of tourism businesses. At the same time, the study provides useful information for managers in increasing perceived green empowerment, experience value, satisfaction and brand advocacy through customer green value co-creation activities, based on honest and standard green practices.
Keywords: brand advocacy; experience value; green value co-creation behavior; perceived greenwashing; perceived green empowerment; satisfaction brand advocacy; experience value; green value co-creation behavior; perceived greenwashing; perceived green empowerment; satisfaction

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Nguyen, N.T.H.; Tran, H.T.B.; Duong, N.T.H.; Duong, H.H. How Green Value Co-Creation and Perceived Greenwashing Affect Customer Brand Advocacy in Vietnam’s Tourism Industry. Sustainability 2026, 18, 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083660

AMA Style

Nguyen NTH, Tran HTB, Duong NTH, Duong HH. How Green Value Co-Creation and Perceived Greenwashing Affect Customer Brand Advocacy in Vietnam’s Tourism Industry. Sustainability. 2026; 18(8):3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nguyen, Ngan Thi Huyen, Hang Thi Bich Tran, Nhung Thi Hong Duong, and Hanh Hong Duong. 2026. "How Green Value Co-Creation and Perceived Greenwashing Affect Customer Brand Advocacy in Vietnam’s Tourism Industry" Sustainability 18, no. 8: 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083660

APA Style

Nguyen, N. T. H., Tran, H. T. B., Duong, N. T. H., & Duong, H. H. (2026). How Green Value Co-Creation and Perceived Greenwashing Affect Customer Brand Advocacy in Vietnam’s Tourism Industry. Sustainability, 18(8), 3660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18083660

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