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Volume 18
Issue 13
10.3390/su18136379
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Khan et al. Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties Under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901

by
Naseer Muhammad Khan
1,2,3,
Kewang Cao
2,
Qiupeng Yuan
4,*,
Mohd Hazizan Bin Mohd Hashim
5,
Hafeezur Rehman
3,5,*,
Sajjad Hussain
6,
Muhammad Zaka Emad
7,
Barkat Ullah
8,
Kausar Sultan Shah
9 and
Sajid Khan
6
1
Department of Sustainable Advanced Geomechanical Engineering, Military College of Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Risalpur 23200, Pakistan
2
Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining (China University of Mining & Technology), Ministry of Education, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
Department of Mining Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Pakistan
4
State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
5
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, University Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia
6
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
7
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54890, Pakistan
8
School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
9
Department of Mining Engineering, Karakoram International University, Gilgit 15100, Pakistan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2026, 18(13), 6379; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136379 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 2 June 2026 / Accepted: 9 June 2026 / Published: 23 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering)
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled “Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties under Different Thermal Conditions” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the publisher’s attention regarding the validity of the findings and similarities between this article [1] and two other papers [2,3], submitted in a similar time frame.
In accordance with standard journal procedures, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and the Editorial Board. Following correspondence with the authorship group, the Editorial Office was unable to verify the accuracy of the originally reported authorship list or confirm the provenance of the study. In addition, the complete raw data could not be provided for evaluation by the Editorial Board. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and has decided to retract this publication, as per MDPI’s retraction policy:
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Sustainability.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their disagreement with this decision.

References

  1. Khan, N.M.; Cao, K.; Yuan, Q.; Bin Mohd Hashim, M.H.; Rehman, H.; Hussain, S.; Emad, M.Z.; Ullah, B.; Shah, K.S.; Khan, S. RETRACTED: Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Hussain, S.; Muhammad Khan, N.; Emad, M.Z.; Naji, A.M.; Cao, K.; Gao, Q.; Ur Rehman, Z.; Raza, S.; Cui, R.; Salman, M.; et al. An Appropriate Model for the Prediction of Rock Mass Deformation Modulus among Various Artificial Intelligence Models. Sustainability 2022, 14, 15225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  3. Gomah, M.E.; Li, G.; Khan, N.M.; Sun, C.; Xu, J.; Omar, A.A.; Mousa, B.G.; Abdelhamid, M.M.A.; Zaki, M.M. Prediction of Strength Parameters of Thermally Treated Egyptian Granodiorite Using Multivariate Statistics and Machine Learning Techniques. Mathematics 2022, 10, 4523. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Khan, N.M.; Cao, K.; Yuan, Q.; Bin Mohd Hashim, M.H.; Rehman, H.; Hussain, S.; Emad, M.Z.; Ullah, B.; Shah, K.S.; Khan, S. RETRACTED: Khan et al. Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties Under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901. Sustainability 2026, 18, 6379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136379

AMA Style

Khan NM, Cao K, Yuan Q, Bin Mohd Hashim MH, Rehman H, Hussain S, Emad MZ, Ullah B, Shah KS, Khan S. RETRACTED: Khan et al. Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties Under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901. Sustainability. 2026; 18(13):6379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136379

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khan, Naseer Muhammad, Kewang Cao, Qiupeng Yuan, Mohd Hazizan Bin Mohd Hashim, Hafeezur Rehman, Sajjad Hussain, Muhammad Zaka Emad, Barkat Ullah, Kausar Sultan Shah, and Sajid Khan. 2026. "RETRACTED: Khan et al. Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties Under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901" Sustainability 18, no. 13: 6379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136379

APA Style

Khan, N. M., Cao, K., Yuan, Q., Bin Mohd Hashim, M. H., Rehman, H., Hussain, S., Emad, M. Z., Ullah, B., Shah, K. S., & Khan, S. (2026). RETRACTED: Khan et al. Application of Machine Learning and Multivariate Statistics to Predict Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Static Young’s Modulus Using Physical Properties Under Different Thermal Conditions. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9901. Sustainability, 18(13), 6379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136379

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