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Sustainability
Volume 18
Issue 12
10.3390/su18126158
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Article

Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals in the Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan: Comparative Analysis and Factors of Spatial Differentiation

by
Nataliya V. Yakovenko
1,*,
Zhanar S. Rakhimbekova
2,*,
Gulzira B. Yestekova
2,*,
Natalia A. Azarova
3,
Elena S. Petrenko
4,5 and
Liudmila V. Semenova
6
1
Research Institute of Innovative Technologies and the Forestry Complex, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named After G.F. Morozov, 8 Timiryazev Str., 394087 Voronezh, Russia
2
Graduate School of Business, Almaty Management University, Rozybakiev Str. 227, 050060 Almaty, Kazakhstan
3
Department of Global and National Economy, Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies Named After G.F. Morozov, 8 Timiryazev Str., 394087 Voronezh, Russia
4
Department of Sports and Active Leisure Management, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 115054 Moscow, Russia
5
Department of Service Marketing and Brand Management, Institute of Marketing, State University of Management, 109507 Moscow, Russia
6
Higher School of Hospitality Educational and Scientific Cluster, Institute of Management and Territorial Development, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 14 A. Nevsky Str., 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2026, 18(12), 6158; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126158 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 14 May 2026 / Revised: 3 June 2026 / Accepted: 10 June 2026 / Published: 15 June 2026
Versions Notes

Abstract

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the localisation processes of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 102 regions of Russia and Kazakhstan for the period 2015–2024. Based on the author’s methodology for constructing the SDG Localisation Index (SDGLI) using the method of the main components, a quantitative assessment of regional progress was carried out according to 14 SDGs. Cluster analysis has identified four sustainable types of regions that differ in the structure and dynamics of sustainable development. Using eco-metric tools (panel regressions with fixed effects, spatial models, difference-in-differences method), key factors of interregional differentiation were identified, including economic, social, institutional and spatial determinants. Particular attention is paid to assessing the effect of adopting regional sustainable development strategies. A decomposition of interregional inequality was carried out, which made it possible to quantify the contribution of various groups of factors. The results of the study contribute to the theory of regional economics and can be used to improve regional policies in the field of sustainable development.
Keywords: sustainable development; SDGs localisation; regional differentiation; integral index; econometrics; regional policy sustainable development; SDGs localisation; regional differentiation; integral index; econometrics; regional policy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yakovenko, N.V.; Rakhimbekova, Z.S.; Yestekova, G.B.; Azarova, N.A.; Petrenko, E.S.; Semenova, L.V. Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals in the Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan: Comparative Analysis and Factors of Spatial Differentiation. Sustainability 2026, 18, 6158. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126158

AMA Style

Yakovenko NV, Rakhimbekova ZS, Yestekova GB, Azarova NA, Petrenko ES, Semenova LV. Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals in the Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan: Comparative Analysis and Factors of Spatial Differentiation. Sustainability. 2026; 18(12):6158. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126158

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yakovenko, Nataliya V., Zhanar S. Rakhimbekova, Gulzira B. Yestekova, Natalia A. Azarova, Elena S. Petrenko, and Liudmila V. Semenova. 2026. "Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals in the Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan: Comparative Analysis and Factors of Spatial Differentiation" Sustainability 18, no. 12: 6158. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126158

APA Style

Yakovenko, N. V., Rakhimbekova, Z. S., Yestekova, G. B., Azarova, N. A., Petrenko, E. S., & Semenova, L. V. (2026). Localisation of Sustainable Development Goals in the Regions of Russia and Kazakhstan: Comparative Analysis and Factors of Spatial Differentiation. Sustainability, 18(12), 6158. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126158

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