Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Consumption: Assessing Its Role in Emission Reduction and Resource Optimisation in Bahrain

The rise in energy demand has heightened concerns about the inefficient use of resources, escalating emissions, and unsustainable consumption trends in Bahrain. The use of conventional methods to manage such challenges has proved to be inadequate, demanding innovative approaches to balance environmental sustainability with economic growth. This study aims to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence on sustainable consumption, emission reduction, and resource optimisation in the energy sector in Bahrain. The study used a descriptive quantitative research design using a questionnaire distributed to 230 respondents from the energy sector in Bahrain using a stratified random sampling technique. According to the statistical findings, artificial intelligence has a significant positive effect on sustainable consumption (B = 0.634, t = 14.323, R² = 0.474, p = 0.000), and reduction in emissions (B = 0.450, t = 9.950, R² = 0.303, p = 0.000), as well as the optimisation of resources (B = 0.426, t = 10.316, R² = 0.318, p = 0.000). These results confirm that there are strong positive correlations between AI and the three sustainability outcomes, and AI can account for between 30.3% and 47.4% of the variance of the dependent variables. This study presents new empirical insights regarding the role of artificial intelligence technologies in supporting national sustainability objectives as well as energy transition efforts.