Field Comprehensive Testing and Study on New Subgrade Structure of High-Speed Railway in Diatomaceous Earth Region
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The structure laid on the surface of the subgrade as shown in Figure 1a, such as:
- The structure laid within the subgrade as shown in Figure 1b,c, such as:
- Fully enclosed subgrade waterproof and drainage composite structure, composed of geogrid and fiber glass fabric, laid between the bottom layer of the subgrade bed layer and the foundation of the subgrade [14];
- The waterproof and drainage structure consisting of three-dimensional earthwork mesh geotextile, laid in the bottom of surface layer of the subgrade bed [15];
- Semi-rigid waterproof structure made of modified cement-based composite waterproof material, laid in the bottom of surface layer of the subgrade bed [16].
2. Overview of Hang-Tai High-Speed Railway
3. Waterproof and Drainage Subgrade Bed
4. Waterproof Tests on WDS
4.1. Waterproof Performance Test of CWDP Lap Joints
4.1.1. Test Program
4.1.2. Analysis of Immersion Test Results
4.2. Waterproof and Drainage Performance Tests
4.2.1. Test Setup
4.2.2. Analysis of Test Results
5. Dynamic Characteristics of WDS
5.1. Experiment
5.2. Analysis of Excitation Test Results
5.2.1. Dynamic Stress
- Variation of dynamic stress with loading times
- 2.
- Variation of dynamic stress along the depth direction
- 3.
- Variation of dynamic stress along the cross-sectional direction
5.2.2. Acceleration
- Variation of acceleration with loading times
- 2.
- Variation of acceleration along the depth direction
- 3.
- Variation of acceleration along the cross-sectional direction
6. Conclusions
- The lap joint is a key element in the waterproof performance of the WDL. From the lap joint waterproof performance test, the effectiveness of the 15 cm lap joint width is verified. The experiment shows that if lap joint between adjacent CWDPs is ensured, it can exhibit a positive waterproof effect. The width could meet the waterproof performance requirements of the WDL;
- Compared to the TS, there was no obvious change in the moisture content of the soil below the WDL after the immersion test of the WDS, indicating that the WDS can provide a good waterproof and drainage effect and can effectively be used for railway construction in diatomaceous earth areas;
- The WDL is a flexible structure, with a more significant energy dissipation effect which can promote the attenuation of dynamic response in the depth direction. The result of the excitation test shows that within the depth range of the WDL, the reduction of dynamic stress attenuation coefficient and acceleration attenuation coefficient of the WDS are 23.09% and 30.12%, respectively, which are 6.11% and 6.16% higher than that of the TS. In addition, compared with the measured data of the existing high-speed railway subgrade, the WDL did not change the transfer behavior of dynamic characteristics;
- The service condition can affect dynamic response of the WDS. The dynamic stresses and accelerations in the natural state are comparatively less than those in the immersed state. In addition, the dynamic stress is significantly more influenced by the service condition than the acceleration;
- During the construction, there will be a series of behaviors that cause disturbance to soil structure, such as excavation and filling. In addition, the diatomaceous earth has the characteristics of softening, swelling and disintegration when exposed to water. With due consideration of these challenges, during the construction of line engineering in diatomaceous earth area, the diatomaceous earth foundation should be reinforced in addition to the adoption of well-designed waterproof and drainage measures to ensure the long-term stability of the structures.
- Only one type of waterproof and drainage structure has been studied in this paper. In the future, other types of waterproof and drainage structures can continue to be studied in in diatomaceous earth area;
- The load in the dynamic characteristics tests in the study is a simulated train load, which differs from the real moving train load. Therefore, dynamic tests under a moving train load can be carried out on this subgrade section after the line is in operation to analyze the dynamic response of the new subgrade.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Grain Diameter (mm) | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 0.075 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentage (%) | 100.0 | 83.7 | 71.0 | 36.7 | 6.4 | 1.4 |
Number | Item | Index | Test Result | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Tensile Strength (kN/m) | LD 1 | ≥12 | 20 | |
WD 2 | ≥5 | 12 | |||
2 | Resistance to Puncture (N) | ≥200 | 328 | ||
3 | Fracture Elongation | LD | ≥70% | 164% | |
WD | ≥70% | 144% | |||
4 | Right-angled Tearing Strength (N) | LD | ≥60 | 64 | |
5 | Folding Endurance at Low Temperature | No Crack | No Crack | ||
6 | Alkali Tolerance | Tensile Strength (kN/m) | LD | ≥11 | 17 |
WD | ≥4 | 9 | |||
Fracture Elongation | LD | ≥60% | 122% | ||
WD | ≥60% | 104% | |||
7 | Artificial Weathering Aging | Retention Rate of Tensile Strength | LD | ≥80% | 89% |
WD | ≥80% | 90% |
Type | Range | Notes |
---|---|---|
Resistance-strain Dynamic Soil Pressure Box | 0.1 MPa | Resolution Ratio: 0.0001 MPa; Sensitivity Coefficient: 2.0 |
Piezoelectric Accelerometer | 50 m/s2 | Frequency Range: 4~1000 Hz |
Piezoelectric Velocimeter | 25 m/s | Frequency Range: 4~1000 Hz |
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Guo, H.; Su, Q.; Li, T.; Zhang, Q.; Nadakatti, M.M.; Yan, H.; Chen, F. Field Comprehensive Testing and Study on New Subgrade Structure of High-Speed Railway in Diatomaceous Earth Region. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6912. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086912
Guo H, Su Q, Li T, Zhang Q, Nadakatti MM, Yan H, Chen F. Field Comprehensive Testing and Study on New Subgrade Structure of High-Speed Railway in Diatomaceous Earth Region. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6912. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086912
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Huiqin, Qian Su, Taifeng Li, Qianli Zhang, Mahantesh M. Nadakatti, Hongye Yan, and Feng Chen. 2023. "Field Comprehensive Testing and Study on New Subgrade Structure of High-Speed Railway in Diatomaceous Earth Region" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6912. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086912