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Sustainability
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/su15086779
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Perspective

A Conceptual Framework for Biodiversity Monitoring Programs in Conservation Areas

by
Daniel T. Dalton
1,*,
Vanessa Berger
1,
Vanessa Adams
2,
Judith Botha
3,
Stephan Halloy
4,
Hanns Kirchmeir
5,
Andrej Sovinc
6,
Klaus Steinbauer
1,5,
Vid Švara
1 and
Michael Jungmeier
1
1
UNESCO Chair on Sustainable Management of Conservation Areas, Engineering & IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, 9524 Villach, Austria
2
School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Rm. 439 Geography Building, Sandy Bay Campus, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
3
Scientific Services Skukuza, Kruger National Park, Private Bag x 402, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
4
Ministry for Primary Industries, P.O. Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
5
E.C.O. Institute for Ecology, Lakeside Park B07b, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
6
NaravaNarave d.o.o., Pod kostanji 44, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2023, 15(8), 6779; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086779
Submission received: 10 March 2023 / Revised: 9 April 2023 / Accepted: 14 April 2023 / Published: 17 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Challenges to Protected Areas Management)
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Abstract

Maintaining and improving the state of biodiversity is a primary factor guiding management activities in conservation areas, including protected areas (PAs) and other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs). Due to the complex nature of conservation programs, a common management approach cannot be prescribed. Robust monitoring programs supporting management activities are required to evaluate the state of species and habitats. However, limited resources, poor data management practices, and competing requirements of stakeholder groups increase the challenges that must be addressed through realization of monitoring programs. We propose a framework of seven basic questions to guide conservation area managers to implement effective biodiversity monitoring techniques. The result is identification of indicators, site characteristics, and resources to promote the development of a biodiversity monitoring program. We call for adoption of a strategic guideline providing this framework to harmonize decision making processes across national and international networks. Implementation of this robust framework will support comparative monitoring data, contributing to systematic approaches for adaptive management in PAs and OECMs and improving the body of knowledge surrounding global biodiversity.
Keywords: adaptive management; long-term monitoring; monitoring guideline; biodiversity assessment; conservation; evidence-based decision-making adaptive management; long-term monitoring; monitoring guideline; biodiversity assessment; conservation; evidence-based decision-making

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dalton, D.T.; Berger, V.; Adams, V.; Botha, J.; Halloy, S.; Kirchmeir, H.; Sovinc, A.; Steinbauer, K.; Švara, V.; Jungmeier, M. A Conceptual Framework for Biodiversity Monitoring Programs in Conservation Areas. Sustainability 2023, 15, 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086779

AMA Style

Dalton DT, Berger V, Adams V, Botha J, Halloy S, Kirchmeir H, Sovinc A, Steinbauer K, Švara V, Jungmeier M. A Conceptual Framework for Biodiversity Monitoring Programs in Conservation Areas. Sustainability. 2023; 15(8):6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086779

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dalton, Daniel T., Vanessa Berger, Vanessa Adams, Judith Botha, Stephan Halloy, Hanns Kirchmeir, Andrej Sovinc, Klaus Steinbauer, Vid Švara, and Michael Jungmeier. 2023. "A Conceptual Framework for Biodiversity Monitoring Programs in Conservation Areas" Sustainability 15, no. 8: 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086779

APA Style

Dalton, D. T., Berger, V., Adams, V., Botha, J., Halloy, S., Kirchmeir, H., Sovinc, A., Steinbauer, K., Švara, V., & Jungmeier, M. (2023). A Conceptual Framework for Biodiversity Monitoring Programs in Conservation Areas. Sustainability, 15(8), 6779. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086779

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