Examining the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Attitudes, Self-Determination, and Sustained Intention in Eco-Friendly Sports Participation: A Study on Plogging Participants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Research Hypotheses
2.1. Eco-Friendly Sports: Plogging
2.2. Factors Influencing the Intention of Sustained Participation in Environmental Sports: Application of Self-Determination Theory
2.3. An Eco-Friendly Environmental Attitude and Plogging Participation
3. Research Method
3.1. Data Collection
3.2. Survey Tools: Measurement Variables
3.3. Data Processing and Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Data: Research Subjects
4.2. Descriptive Statistics, Correlation Analysis by Factor, and Reliability Analysis
4.3. Assessment of Measurement Model: Reliability and Validity Analysis
4.4. The Role of Motivation in Mediating the Relationship between Self-Determination Factors and Sustained Participation Intention: Structural Equation Analysis (Study 1)
4.5. Verification of Group Differences According to Eco-Friendly Attitudes: Multi-Group Structural Equation Analysis (Study 2)
5. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | Frequency | Source | |
---|---|---|---|
Sustained participation intention |
| Vlachopoulos, and Michailidou (2006) [49] | |
| |||
| |||
| |||
Autonomy |
| Niven, Markland, (2016)/ Fenton, Duda and Barrett (2016) [50,51] | |
| |||
| |||
| |||
| |||
Competence |
| ||
| |||
| |||
| |||
| |||
Relatedness |
| ||
| |||
| |||
| |||
| |||
Motivation | Intrinsic |
| |
| |||
| |||
| |||
Extrinsic |
| ||
| |||
| |||
| |||
Eco-Attitude |
| Hodgkinson and Innes (2001) [52] | |
| |||
| |||
|
Item | Frequency | Percentage (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Male | 165 | 57.3 |
Female | 123 | 42.7 | |
Age (years) | ~19 | 60 | 20.8 |
20~29 | 71 | 24.7 | |
30~39 | 57 | 19.8 | |
40~49 | 41 | 14.2 | |
50~59 | 40 | 13.9 | |
60~ | 19 | 6.6 | |
Plogging experience (years) | ~5 | 105 | 36.5 |
5~7 | 70 | 24.3 | |
7~ | 113 | 39.2 | |
Participation type | Regular | 230 | 78.4 |
Irregular | 58 | 21.6 | |
Region | Metropolitan | 142 | 49.3 |
Non-metropolitan | 146 | 50.7 | |
Income | ~USD 1800 | 156 | 54.2 |
(Monthly) | USD 1800~3700 | 62 | 21.5 |
Variable | M | SD | Min | Max | Skewness | Kurtosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPI | 4.56 | 1.83 | 1 | 7 | −0.313 | −0.228 |
AUT | 4.98 | 1.75 | 1 | 7 | −0.450 | 0.125 |
COM | 4.92 | 1.54 | 1 | 7 | −0.410 | −0.298 |
REL | 4.88 | 1.64 | 1 | 7 | −0.482 | 0.250 |
MI | 4.62 | 1.60 | 1 | 7 | −0.068 | −0.097 |
EI | 4.50 | 1.56 | 1 | 7 | −0.322 | −0.358 |
EA | 5.11 | 2.04 | 1 | 7 | −0.377 | −0.489 |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. SPI | - | ||||||
2. AUT | 0.673 | ||||||
3. COM | 0.679 | 0.652 | |||||
4. REL | 0.691 | 0.623 | 0.692 | ||||
5. MI | 0.697 | 0.622 | 0.639 | 0.683 | |||
6. EI | 0.419 | 0.336 | 0.324 | 0.584 | 0.442 | ||
7. EA | 0.504 | 416 | 0.392 | 0.489 | 0.462 | 0.378 |
Variable | b | SE | t | α | CR | AVE | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | EA(H) | EA(L) | Total | EA(H) | EA(L) | Total | EA(H) | EA(L) | ||||
AUT 1 | 1.000 | - | - | 0.917 | 0.911 | 0.924 | 0.950 | 0.898 | 0.778 | 0.863 | 0.747 | 0.540 |
AUT 2 | 0.981 | 0.031 | 21.06 | |||||||||
AUT 4 | 0.905 | 0.033 | 19.55 | |||||||||
COM 2 | 1.000 | - | - | 0.909 | 0.900 | 0.886 | 0.875 | 0.793 | 0.812 | 0.701 | 0.561 | 0.591 |
COM 3 | 0.895 | 0.066 | 30.01 | |||||||||
COM 5 | 0.756 | 0.051 | 17.91 | |||||||||
REL 1 | 1.000 | - | - | 0.903 | 0.873 | 0.910 | 0.835 | 0.831 | 0.807 | 0.629 | 0.623 | 0.584 |
REL 2 | 0.815 | 0.037 | 18.66 | |||||||||
REL 3 | 0.701 | 0.020 | 18.89 | |||||||||
MI 1 | 1.000 | - | - | 0.911 | 0.856 | 0.896 | 0.866 | 0.845 | 0.799 | 0.683 | 0.647 | 0.572 |
MI 2 | 0.853 | 0.030 | 20.35 | |||||||||
MI 3 | 0.768 | 0.067 | 17.53 | |||||||||
EI 1 | 1.000 | - | - | 0.856 | 0.889 | 0.877 | 0.752 | 0.812 | 0.784 | 0.504 | 0.591 | 0.548 |
EI 2 | 0.749 | 0.056 | 15.64 | |||||||||
EI 3 | 0.657 | 0.075 | 16.35 |
Path | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect | Bias Corrected, 95% (BC) |
---|---|---|---|---|
REL → MI → SPI | 0.466 | 0.566 | 1.032 | 0.178~0.397 *** |
REL → ME → SPI | 0.466 | 0.021 | 0.487 | 0.012~0.201 * |
Path | ∆χ2 | EA (Low) | EA (High) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
b | SE | b | SE | ||
AUT → MI | 0.94 | 0.402 *** | 0.102 | 0.500 *** | 0.088 |
AUT → ME | 3.09 ** | 0.243 * | 0.143 | 0.113 | 0.160 |
AUT → SPI | 0.55 | 0.073 | 0.097 | 0.085 | 0.084 |
COM → MI | 4.01 ** | 0.194 ** | 0.118 | 0.054 | 0.114 |
COM → ME | 3.09 ** | 0.001 | 0.167 | 0.056 | 0.211 |
COM → SPI | 0.08 | 0.027 | 0.099 | 0.140 | 0.087 |
REL → MI | 0.98 | 0.586 *** | 0.125 | 0.633 *** | 0.110 |
REL → ME | 2.79 * | 0.172 * | 0.174 | 0.328 * | 0.199 |
REL → SPI | 0.43 | 0.563 *** | 0.124 | 0.412 *** | 0.102 |
MI → SPI | 0.98 | 0.386 *** | 0.100 | 0.447 *** | 0.089 |
EI → SPI | 0.99 | 0.104 * | 0.063 | 0.028 | 0.045 |
Group | Path | Direct Effect | Indirect Effect | Total Effect | Bias Corrected, 95% (BC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EA (Low) | REL → SPI | 0.563 | 0.244 | 0.789 | 0.012~0.131 *** |
EA (High) | REL → SPI | 0.412 | 0.292 | 0.704 | 0.049~0.205 ** |
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Kim, J.; Kim, S.; Chung, J. Examining the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Attitudes, Self-Determination, and Sustained Intention in Eco-Friendly Sports Participation: A Study on Plogging Participants. Sustainability 2023, 15, 11806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511806
Kim J, Kim S, Chung J. Examining the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Attitudes, Self-Determination, and Sustained Intention in Eco-Friendly Sports Participation: A Study on Plogging Participants. Sustainability. 2023; 15(15):11806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511806
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Jongho, Sujin Kim, and Jinwook Chung. 2023. "Examining the Relationship between Pro-Environmental Attitudes, Self-Determination, and Sustained Intention in Eco-Friendly Sports Participation: A Study on Plogging Participants" Sustainability 15, no. 15: 11806. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151511806