Policy Evaluation of Drama-Related Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism for Boosting Green Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on Quasi-Natural Experiment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Tourism Development for Regional Sustainability
1.3. Integration of Intangible Cultural Heritage with Tourism
1.4. Intangible Cultural Heritage of Chinese Drama
1.5. Innovations and Conributions
2. Theoretical Framework
3. Materials and Research Design
3.1. Data Sources and Sampling Process
3.2. Election of Variables
3.2.1. Variables of the Green Economy
3.2.2. Variables of Tourism Development
3.2.3. Variables of Sustainable Policies for Intangible Cultural Heritage in Drama Category
3.3. Measurement of Statistical Models
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Summary of Basic Statistics
4.2. Country-Level Regression Results
4.2.1. Parallel Trend Test
4.2.2. Regression Results
4.3. Regression Results for the Three Regions
4.3.1. Results for Eastern China
4.3.2. Results for Central China
4.3.3. Results for Western China
4.4. Individual Regression Results for Each Policy
4.4.1. Results for the First Policy
4.4.2. Results for the Second Policy
4.4.3. Results for the Third Policy
4.4.4. Results for the Fourth Policy
5. Conclusions and Implications
5.1. Main Conclusions
5.2. Implications
5.2.1. The Government Guides In-Depth Development and Promotes Green Development
5.2.2. Revitalization of Rural Areas in Central and Western Regions According to Local Conditions
5.2.3. Balance between Scale, Growth Rate and Share to Enhance the Sustainability of the Policy
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dimension | Variable | Unit |
---|---|---|
Size | Value added of tertiary industry | Billion yuan |
Growth | Tertiary industry growth rate | Previous year = 100 |
Ratio | Value added of tertiary industry/GDP | % |
Dimension | Variable | Unit | |
---|---|---|---|
Domestic | Number of people | Number of domestic visitors | Million people |
Consumption | Consumption of domestic tourists | Billion yuan | |
Outbound | Number of people | Number of foreign tourists | Million people |
Consumption | Consumption of foreign tourists | Million dollars |
Before Policy Enactment | After Policy Enactment | |
---|---|---|
Control group | (0, 0) | (0, 1) |
Processing group | (1, 0) | (1, 1) |
Variable | Samples | Average | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGE | 620 | 6682.257 | 8393.887 | 53.93 | 59,773.38 |
GGE | 620 | 110.7409 | 2.397935 | 102.5 | 122 |
RGE | 620 | 42.75007 | 9.065857 | 28.6 | 83.5 |
IS | 575 | 2062.484 | 3081.937 | 0.078 | 40,251.3 |
IV | 613 | 145,884.2 | 264,495.2 | 16 | 2,052,131 |
OS | 534 | 22,588.5 | 47,625.37 | 7.2 | 629,972 |
OV | 595 | 295.497 | 848.4387 | 0.2 | 10,512.91 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0016 (0.16) | −0.0019 (−1.61) | 0.0084 (1.51) |
lnIV | −0.0058 (−0.84) | 0.0003 (0.36) | 0.0011 (0.29) |
lnOS | −0.0194 (−1.46) | 0.0014 (0.84) | −0.0078 (−1.02) |
lnOV | 0.0180 (1.41) | 0.0012 (0.75) | −0.0218 *** (−3.01) |
PG | 2.7689 *** (32.61) | 0.0107 (1.03) | 0.6164 *** (12.78) |
PT | 2.6061 *** (45.95) | −0.0371 *** (−5.34) | 0.3457 *** (10.73) |
PG × PT | 0.0433 * (1.84) | −0.0020 (−0.70) | 0.0564 *** (4.23) |
Constant | 4.9420 *** (51.02) | 4.6901 *** (394.76) | 3.6280 *** (65.95) |
Observations | 474 | 474 | 474 |
R-squared | 0.993 | 0.588 | 0.895 |
Region | Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions |
---|---|
East | Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan |
Center | Shanxi (whose provincial capital is Taiyuan), Neimenggu, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan |
West | Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Xizang, Shanxi (whose provincial capital is Xian), Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | −0.0024 (−0.37) | −0.0006 (−0.79) | 0.0023 (0.68) |
lnIV | −0.0156 ** (−2.49) | −0.0015 ** (−2.00) | 0.0047 (1.49) |
lnOS | −0.0263 (−1.20) | 0.0070 ** (2.58) | 0.0048 (0.44) |
lnOV | 0.0081 (0.40) | −0.0017 (−0.70) | −0.0094 (−0.93) |
PG | 2.3858 *** (45.93) | 0.0107 * (1.67) | 0.4241 *** (16.24) |
PT | 2.7176 *** (39.20) | −0.0169 * (−1.97) | 0.3246 *** (9.31) |
PG × PT | −0.0152 (−0.38) | −0.0304 *** (−6.22) | 0.0143 (0.72) |
Constant | 5.5847 *** (45.88) | 4.6693 *** (310.91) | 3.6700 *** (59.98) |
Observations | 171 | 171 | 171 |
R-squared | 0.995 | 0.759 | 0.966 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0119 (0.46) | −0.0128 ** (−2.24) | 0.0062 (0.34) |
lnIV | 0.0492 (1.25) | −0.0033 (−0.38) | −0.1470 *** (−5.30) |
lnOS | −0.0117 (−1.15) | −0.0000 (−0.00) | −0.0169 ** (−2.35) |
lnOV | 0.0335 (1.14) | 0.0053 (0.83) | 0.0216 (1.05) |
PG | −0.0983 ** (−2.56) | −0.0012 (−0.14) | 0.0423 (1.57) |
PT | 2.4573 *** (15.60) | 0.0232 (0.67) | 0.8103 *** (7.31) |
PG × PT | 0.0886 ** (2.06) | −0.0012 (−0.12) | 0.0393 (1.30) |
Constant | 6.1697 *** (18.39) | 4.7816 *** (64.53) | 4.7377 *** (20.05) |
Observations | 76 | 76 | 76 |
R-squared | 0.995 | 0.528 | 0.935 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0471 (1.50) | −0.0035 (−0.89) | 0.0189 (1.03) |
lnIV | −0.0503 (−1.27) | −0.0027 (−0.55) | −0.0755 *** (−3.25) |
lnOS | −0.0601 * (−1.80) | 0.0018 (0.43) | −0.0351 * (−1.80) |
lnOV | 0.1030 ** (2.40) | 0.0049 (0.92) | 0.0278 (1.11) |
PG | −0.3748 *** (−7.11) | −0.0168 ** (−2.58) | −0.1022 *** (−3.31) |
PT | 2.7165 *** (20.84) | −0.0453 *** (−2.80) | 0.4245 *** (5.57) |
PG × PT | −0.0232 (−0.63) | 0.0143 *** (3.12) | 0.1001 *** (4.64) |
Constant | 6.8112 *** (19.69) | 4.7464 *** (110.77) | 4.3669 *** (21.59) |
Observations | 194 | 194 | 194 |
R-squared | 0.993 | 0.605 | 0.822 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0010 (0.16) | −0.0002 (−0.16) | 0.0004 (0.13) |
lnIV | 0.0079 (0.33) | 0.0056 (1.46) | −0.0387 *** (−3.03) |
lnOS | −0.0520 * (−1.70) | −0.0051 (−1.04) | −0.0212 (−1.28) |
lnOV | 0.0350 (1.48) | 0.0006 (0.15) | 0.0116 (0.91) |
PG | 2.7109 *** (15.55) | 0.0021 (0.08) | 0.8275 *** (8.81) |
PT | 1.2084 *** (27.09) | 0.0070 (0.97) | 0.0690 *** (2.87) |
PG × PT | 0.0378 (1.34) | −0.0058 (−1.29) | 0.0402 *** (2.65) |
Constant | 4.9761 *** (20.43) | 4.6955 *** (119.76) | 3.8943 *** (29.69) |
Observations | 226 | 226 | 226 |
R-squared | 0.995 | 0.530 | 0.929 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0168 (0.37) | 0.0216 ** (2.18) | 0.0255(0.75) |
lnIV | −0.0084 (−1.18) | −0.0014 (−0.92) | 0.0076 (1.41) |
lnOS | −0.0524 * (−1.79) | −0.0155 ** (−2.42) | −0.0170 (−0.77) |
lnOV | 0.0391 (1.37) | -0.0047 (−0.75) | −0.0179 (−0.84) |
PG | 2.7868 *** (33.94) | 0.0089 (0.50) | 0.6188 *** (10.01) |
PT | 0.7162 *** (21.36) | −0.0266 *** (−3.63) | −0.0101 (−0.40) |
PG × PT | −0.0630 *** (−2.68) | −0.0032 (−0.62) | 0.0180 (1.02) |
Constant | 6.2619 *** (40.23) | 4.7487 *** (139.42) | 3.6610 *** (31.24) |
Observations | 133 | 133 | 133 |
R-squared | 0.998 | 0.613 | 0.956 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0123 (0.37) | 0.0113 (1.32) | 0.0305 (1.13) |
lnIV | 0.0084 (0.28) | 0.0079 (1.00) | −0.0416 * (−1.67) |
lnOS | 0.0069 (0.85) | −0.0043 ** (−2.03) | 0.0059 (0.88) |
lnOV | −0.0210 (−0.78) | −0.0125 * (−1.77) | 0.0119 (0.54) |
PG | 2.6835 *** (37.52) | −0.0110 (−0.59) | 0.6680 *** (11.33) |
PT | 0.6962 *** (21.85) | −0.0399 *** (−4.78) | 0.0366 (1.39) |
PG × PT | −0.0013 (−0.08) | 0.0025 (0.59) | 0.0163 (1.21) |
Constant | 6.2467 *** (37.40) | 4.6385 *** (106.00) | 3.8345 *** (27.84) |
Observations | 141 | 141 | 141 |
R-squared | 0.999 | 0.681 | 0.975 |
Dependent Variables: | Equation (3) | Equation (4) | Equation (5) |
---|---|---|---|
lnSGE | lnGGE | lnRGE | |
lnIS | 0.0798 * (1.91) | 0.0046 (1.00) | 0.0207 (0.77) |
lnIV | 0.0065 (0.45) | 0.0002 (0.09) | −0.0082 (−0.88) |
lnOS | −0.0090 (−0.56) | −0.0017 (−0.93) | 0.0024 (0.23) |
lnOV | 0.0118 (0.50) | 0.0020 (0.77) | −0.0236 (−1.56) |
PG | 1.5035 *** (11.53) | −0.0398 *** (−2.75) | 0.6420 *** (7.62) |
PT | 0.5995 *** (10.41) | −0.0360 *** (−5.62) | 0.2557 *** (6.87) |
PG × PT | 0.0680 ** (2.32) | 0.0111 *** (3.42) | −0.0551 *** (−2.91) |
Constant | 7.2867 *** (28.37) | 4.6910 *** (164.39) | 3.6855 *** (22.20) |
Observations | 169 | 169 | 169 |
R-squared | 0.994 | 0.705 | 0.927 |
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Zhao, H.; Zhao, X.; Elahi, E.; Wang, F. Policy Evaluation of Drama-Related Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism for Boosting Green Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on Quasi-Natural Experiment. Sustainability 2022, 14, 5380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095380
Zhao H, Zhao X, Elahi E, Wang F. Policy Evaluation of Drama-Related Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism for Boosting Green Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on Quasi-Natural Experiment. Sustainability. 2022; 14(9):5380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095380
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Huan, Xi Zhao, Ehsan Elahi, and Fushuai Wang. 2022. "Policy Evaluation of Drama-Related Intangible Cultural Heritage Tourism for Boosting Green Industry: An Empirical Analysis Based on Quasi-Natural Experiment" Sustainability 14, no. 9: 5380. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095380