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Volume 14
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10.3390/su14084618
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Article

Seed-Borne Probiotic Yeasts Foster Plant Growth and Elicit Health Protection in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)

by
Jeberlin Prabina Bright
1,*,
Kumutha Karunanadham
2,
Hemant S. Maheshwari
3,
Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan Karuppiah
4,
Sugitha Thankappan
5,
Rajinimala Nataraj
4,
Durga Pandian
2,
Fuad Ameen
6,
Peter Poczai
7,* and
Riyaz Z. Sayyed
8,*
1
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam 628 252, India
2
Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai 625 104, India
3
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, India
4
Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Killikulam 628 252, India
5
School of Agriculture and Biosciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641 114, India
6
Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
7
Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
8
Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S I Patil Arts, G.B. Patel Science and STKVS Commerce College, Shahada 425 409, India
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2022, 14(8), 4618; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084618
Submission received: 22 January 2022 / Revised: 24 March 2022 / Accepted: 25 March 2022 / Published: 12 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rhizo-Microbiome for the Sustenance of Agro-Ecosystems in the Changing Climate Scenario)
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Abstract

Black gram is one of the most indispensable components of the world food basket and the growth and health of the crop get influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. Beneficial phyto-microbes are one among them that influence the crop growth, more particularly the seed borne microbes are comparatively beneficial, that they pass from generation to generation and are associated with the plants from establishment to development. In the present study, twenty seed-borne yeasts were characterized and tested for growth promotion of black gram and their antagonism against black gram phytopathogens. Two yeasts, Pichia kudriavzevii POY5 and Issatchenkia terricola GRY4, produced indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD), and plant defense enzymes. They solubilized phosphate and zinc and fixed atmospheric nitrogen. Inoculation of these two yeast isolates and Rhizobium BMBS1 improved the seed germination, physiological parameters and yield of black gram. Inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani-challenged plants with plant growth-promoting yeasts, resulted in the synthesis of defense-related enzymes such as peroxidases (POD), chitinases, catalase (CAT), and polyphenol oxidases (PPO). Thus, the seed-borne yeasts, Pichia kudriavzevii POY5 and Issatchenkia terricola GRY4, could be used as plant probiotics for black gram.
Keywords: defense enzymes; plant growth promotion; multi-functional yeast; pathogen challenging; plant probiotics; seed-borne yeast; siderophores defense enzymes; plant growth promotion; multi-functional yeast; pathogen challenging; plant probiotics; seed-borne yeast; siderophores

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bright, J.P.; Karunanadham, K.; Maheshwari, H.S.; Karuppiah, E.A.A.; Thankappan, S.; Nataraj, R.; Pandian, D.; Ameen, F.; Poczai, P.; Sayyed, R.Z. Seed-Borne Probiotic Yeasts Foster Plant Growth and Elicit Health Protection in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084618

AMA Style

Bright JP, Karunanadham K, Maheshwari HS, Karuppiah EAA, Thankappan S, Nataraj R, Pandian D, Ameen F, Poczai P, Sayyed RZ. Seed-Borne Probiotic Yeasts Foster Plant Growth and Elicit Health Protection in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). Sustainability. 2022; 14(8):4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084618

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bright, Jeberlin Prabina, Kumutha Karunanadham, Hemant S. Maheshwari, Eraivan Arutkani Aiyanathan Karuppiah, Sugitha Thankappan, Rajinimala Nataraj, Durga Pandian, Fuad Ameen, Peter Poczai, and Riyaz Z. Sayyed. 2022. "Seed-Borne Probiotic Yeasts Foster Plant Growth and Elicit Health Protection in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.)" Sustainability 14, no. 8: 4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084618

APA Style

Bright, J. P., Karunanadham, K., Maheshwari, H. S., Karuppiah, E. A. A., Thankappan, S., Nataraj, R., Pandian, D., Ameen, F., Poczai, P., & Sayyed, R. Z. (2022). Seed-Borne Probiotic Yeasts Foster Plant Growth and Elicit Health Protection in Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.). Sustainability, 14(8), 4618. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084618

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