Towards a Resilient and Resource-Efficient Local Food System Based on Industrial Symbiosis in Härnösand: A Swedish Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Identify major waste flows in Härnösand municipality and its surroundings, applicable to food production based on IS
- Identify options for utilizing waste flows and by-products for local food production, and associated opportunities for building IS networks among local companies
- Identify the main challenges and enabling conditions for widespread implementation of IS-based food systems in relation to (i) rules and regulations, (ii) consumers and markets, and (iii) knowledge and innovation
- Discuss how behavioural and institutional reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic may be a catalyst for implementation of IS and the transition towards resilient and resource efficient food production systems.
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Inventory of Useful Waste Flows and By-Products
2.2. Options for Utilizing Local Waste Flows and By-Products for Food Production, and Associated Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis
2.3. Challenges and Opportunities for Widespread Implementation of Innovation in the Food System
3. Results
3.1. Major Flows of Waste and By-Products in Härnösand
3.2. Options for Utilizing Waste Flows and Side-Streams for Local Food Production and Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis Practices
Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis
3.3. Challenges and Enabling Conditions for Widespread Implementation of an Innovative Food System in Härnösand
3.3.1. Rules and Regulations
3.3.2. Consumers and Markets
3.3.3. Knowledge and Innovation
3.4. The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Catalyst for the Transition towards a Resilient Food System
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strategic Area | Challenges | Enabling Conditions |
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Rules and regulations |
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Consumers and markets |
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Knowledge and innovation |
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Haller, H.; Fagerholm, A.-S.; Carlsson, P.; Skoglund, W.; van den Brink, P.; Danielski, I.; Brink, K.; Mirata, M.; Englund, O. Towards a Resilient and Resource-Efficient Local Food System Based on Industrial Symbiosis in Härnösand: A Swedish Case Study. Sustainability 2022, 14, 2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042197
Haller H, Fagerholm A-S, Carlsson P, Skoglund W, van den Brink P, Danielski I, Brink K, Mirata M, Englund O. Towards a Resilient and Resource-Efficient Local Food System Based on Industrial Symbiosis in Härnösand: A Swedish Case Study. Sustainability. 2022; 14(4):2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042197
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaller, Henrik, Anna-Sara Fagerholm, Peter Carlsson, Wilhelm Skoglund, Paul van den Brink, Itai Danielski, Kristina Brink, Murat Mirata, and Oskar Englund. 2022. "Towards a Resilient and Resource-Efficient Local Food System Based on Industrial Symbiosis in Härnösand: A Swedish Case Study" Sustainability 14, no. 4: 2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042197