Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
- Kayaking travel guides available on the Polish market;
- Kayaking websites supported by the Kayaking Tourism Committee of the Polish Tourist and Sightseeing Society (PTTK), Tourism and Recreation Committee of the Polish Canoe Federation (PZK) and the Association of Canoeing Instructors and Trainers (SIiTK);
- Reports on kayaking activities organized by PTTK, PZK and SIiTK as part of their statutory operations;
- Websites of kayaking rentals and kayaking tour organizers;
- Photographs and video footage posted online by kayaking tour participants.
- The geographic potential indicator (GPI) in Polish voivodeships (1)–(15);
- The business opportunity indicator (BOI) in Polish voivodeships (1)–(18);
- The indicator of water resource utilization (IWRU) for kayaking in Polish voivodeships (19)–(20).
- RLI: the river length in voivodeships (21) and (22);
- EI: the number of businesses registered in the CEIDG per unit length of watercourses in voivodeships (23) and (24);
- II: the investment indicator (25)–(26).
3. Determination of the Number of Rivers Where Kayaking Tours Are Organized
3.1. Travel Book Publishers and Kayaking Travel Guides
3.2. Community Websites Created by Polish Kayaking Enthusiasts
3.3. Identification of Navigable Rivers Where Kayaking Tours Are Organized
4. Geographic Potential Indicator, Business Opportunity Indicator and the Indicator of Water Resource Utilization for Active Tourism in Polish Voivodeships
4.1. Indicators Calculated per Unit of Reference Surface
4.2. Indicators Taking into Account the Length of Rivers
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Voivodeship | Voivodeship Area [km2] | Forest Area [km2] | Area of Standing Water Bodies [km2] | Length of Rivers [km] | Number of Rivers | Number of Businesses Registered in CEIDG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Silesia | 19,936 | 5549 | 156 | 2970 | 109 | 4038 |
Kuyavia-Pomerania | 17,948 | 4174 | 474 | 3084 | 85 | 2090 |
Lublin | 25,134 | 5634 | 362 | 2935 | 93 | 1109 |
Lubusz | 13,990 | 7029 | 252 | 2475 | 97 | 1629 |
Łódź | 18,194 | 3833 | 98 | 2168 | 66 | 2122 |
Małopolska | 15,166 | 4313 | 305 | 2216 | 85 | 4456 |
Masovia | 35,529 | 7903 | 401 | 4094 | 145 | 9974 |
Opole | 9400 | 2496 | 182 | 1283 | 60 | 938 |
Podkarpacie | 17,844 | 6642 | 280 | 2656 | 107 | 2052 |
Podlasie | 20,193 | 6040 | 244 | 2394 | 89 | 1579 |
Pomerania | 18,305 | 6645 | 872 | 3566 | 127 | 5071 |
Silesia | 12,317 | 4034 | 157 | 1684 | 59 | 6070 |
Świętokrzyskie | 11,697 | 3224 | 235 | 1466 | 52 | 1110 |
Warmia-Masuria | 24,151 | 7251 | 1088 | 4831 | 140 | 3101 |
Wielkopolska | 29,797 | 7642 | 402 | 4858 | 143 | 4531 |
West Pomerania | 22,896 | 8217 | 751 | 3867 | 145 | 3519 |
Publisher | Category | Total Number of Active Tourism Guides | Number of Kayaking Guides | Number of Described Kayaking Trails on Rivers | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Ciekawe Miejsca | Kayaking trails in Poland | 87 | 16 | 61 |
2 | Pascal | Travel guides for adventure seekers | 9 | 3 | 3 |
3 | Galileo | Maps for active tourists | 15 | 3 | 4 |
4 | Empik | 46 | 5 | 5 | |
5 | ExpressMap Polska Sp. z o.o. | Travel maps | 18 | 0 | 0 |
TOTAL | Without repeats | 64 |
Year | Number of Kayaking Tour Operators | Number of Kayaking Events |
---|---|---|
2022 | 89 | 150 |
2021 | 94 | 153 |
2020 | 94 | 163 |
2019 | 94 | 160 |
2018 | 95 | 155 |
2017 | 105 | 164 |
2016 | 101 | 158 |
2015 | 101 | 165 |
2014 | 105 | 165 |
Data Source | Number of Catalogued Kayaking Trails |
---|---|
Kayaking travel guides | 64 |
Website of kayaking organizations | 142 |
Own study | 207 |
Cumulative result | 260 |
Voivodeship | Number of Rivers | Number of Rivers with Kayaking Tours | Percentage of Rivers with Kayaking Tours [%] | IWRU |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Silesia | 109 | 71 | 65 | 1.00 |
Kuyavia-Pomerania | 85 | 31 | 36 | 0.55 |
Lublin | 93 | 24 | 26 | 0.40 |
Lubusz | 97 | 40 | 41 | 0.63 |
Łódź | 66 | 32 | 48 | 0.74 |
Małopolska | 85 | 37 | 44 | 0.68 |
Masovia | 145 | 75 | 52 | 0.80 |
Opole | 60 | 39 | 65 | 1.00 |
Podkarpacie | 107 | 35 | 33 | 0.51 |
Podlasie | 89 | 42 | 47 | 0.72 |
Pomerania | 127 | 47 | 37 | 0.57 |
Silesia | 59 | 35 | 59 | 0.91 |
Świętokrzyskie | 52 | 27 | 52 | 0.80 |
Warmia-Masuria | 140 | 51 | 36 | 0.55 |
Wielkopolska | 143 | 40 | 28 | 0.43 |
West Pomerania | 145 | 48 | 33 | 0.51 |
Voivodeship | GPIforest | GPIwater | GPIiver_length | GPInumber of rivers | BOI |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Silesia | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
Kuyavia-Pomerania | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.2 |
Lublin | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
Lubusz | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 |
Łódź | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 |
Małopolska | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
Masovia | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Opole | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
Podkarpacie | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.2 |
Podlasie | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
Pomerania | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Silesia | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Świętokrzyskie | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 |
Warmia-Masuria | 0.6 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 |
Wielkopolska | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
West Pomerania | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.3 |
Voivodeship | GPI | IWRU | BOI |
---|---|---|---|
Lower Silesia | 0.61 | 1.00 | 0.41 |
Kuyavia-Pomerania | 0.69 | 0.55 | 0.24 |
Lublin | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.09 |
Lubusz | 0.88 | 0.63 | 0.24 |
Łódź | 0.45 | 0.74 | 0.24 |
Małopolska | 0.68 | 0.68 | 0.60 |
Masovia | 0.50 | 0.80 | 0.57 |
Opole | 0.69 | 1.00 | 0.20 |
Podkarpacie | 0.72 | 0.51 | 0.23 |
Podlasie | 0.56 | 0.72 | 0.16 |
Pomerania | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.56 |
Silesia | 0.62 | 0.91 | 1.00 |
Świętokrzyskie | 0.61 | 0.80 | 0.19 |
Warmia-Masuria | 0.91 | 0.55 | 0.26 |
Wielkopolska | 0.62 | 0.43 | 0.31 |
West Pomerania | 0.85 | 0.51 | 0.31 |
Voivodeship | Entrepreneurship Indicator (EI) (1) | River Potential Indicator (RI) (2) | Investment Indicator (II) II = EI/RlI (3) |
---|---|---|---|
Lower Silesia | 0.36 | 0.74 | 0.49 |
Kuyavia-Pomerania | 0.26 | 0.86 | 0.30 |
Lublin | 0.29 | 0.58 | 0.50 |
Lubusz | 0.28 | 0.88 | 0.31 |
Łódź | 0.27 | 0.60 | 0.45 |
Małopolska | 0.69 | 0.73 | 0.95 |
Masovia | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.99 |
Opole | 0.27 | 0.68 | 0.39 |
Podkarpacie | 0.51 | 0.74 | 0.69 |
Podlasie | 0.36 | 0.59 | 0.60 |
Pomerania | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.00 |
Silesia | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.74 |
Świętokrzyskie | 0.58 | 0.63 | 0.93 |
Warmia-Masuria | 0.74 | 1.00 | 0.74 |
Wielkopolska | 0.20 | 0.82 | 0.24 |
West Pomerania | 1.00 | 0.84 | 1.18 |
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Lewandowicz, E. Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710872
Lewandowicz E. Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland. Sustainability. 2022; 14(17):10872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710872
Chicago/Turabian StyleLewandowicz, Elżbieta. 2022. "Indicators of Geographic Potential and Business Opportunities for the Development of Active Tourism: Kayaking in Poland" Sustainability 14, no. 17: 10872. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141710872