Residents’ Motivation and Place Meanings in a Hallmark Event: How to Develop a Sustainable Event in the Hosting Destination
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses
2.1. Place Meaning in an Event
2.2. Residents’ Motivation in an Event
2.3. Motivation in the SDT
2.4. Research Hypotheses
3. Methodology and Data
3.1. Research Design
3.2. Case
3.3. Study 1
3.3.1. Research Design
3.3.2. Data Collection
3.3.3. Data Analysis
3.4. Study 2
3.4.1. Research Design and Procedure
3.4.2. Data Collection
3.4.3. Data Analysis
4. Results
4.1. Study 1
4.2. Study 2
4.2.1. Demographic Characteristics
4.2.2. Reliability and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
4.2.3. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA)
4.2.4. Testing for Mediation Using SEM Bootstrap Approach
5. Discussion
5.1. Residents’ Place Meaning in PCFLC
5.2. Residents’ Motivation on Place Meaning and Place Satisfaction
5.3. The Mediating Role of Place Meaning in the Relationship between Residents’ Motivation and Place Satisfaction
6. Conclusions
7. Recommendation
8. Limitations and Future Research Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Participant Number | Age | Sex | Educational Level | Length of Residence in Luoyang | Number of Participation Times in PCFLC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 23 | Female | 3 | 4 | 2 |
P2 | 23 | Male | 3 | >15 | 1 |
P3 | 62 | Female | 1 | >15 | 5 |
P4 | 45 | Female | 1 | >15 | >10 |
P5 | 21 | Male | 3 | 4 | 3 |
P6 | 21 | Male | 3 | 3 | 3 |
P7 | 46 | Male | 2 | >15 | >5 |
P8 | 24 | Female | 3 | 4 | 2 |
P9 | 44 | Female | 4 | >15 | >10 |
P10 | 48 | Male | 2 | >15 | >5 |
P11 | 37 | Female | 4 | 10 | >5 |
P12 | 36 | Female | 4 | >15 | 1 |
P13 | 65 | Male | 4 | >15 | >5 |
P14 | 32 | Male | 2 | >15 | 3 |
P15 | 39 | Male | 4 | 13 | 2 |
P16 | 36 | Male | 4 | >15 | 4 |
P17 | 38 | Female | 4 | >15 | >5 |
P18 | 42 | Male | 4 | >15 | >10 |
P19 | 36 | Male | 4 | 14 | 3 |
P20 | 28 | Female | 2 | >15 | >5 |
P21 | 27 | Female | 4 | >15 | 3 |
Thematic Nodes | Semantic Codes | Frequency | Total | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Economic dependency | Increase economic income | 43 | 82 | 24.26 |
Provide job opportunities | 24 | |||
Promote the development of related industries | 15 | |||
Leisure | Enrich hallmark event life | 28 | 125 | 36.98 |
Strengthen the family ties | 35 | |||
Strengthen social relations | 38 | |||
Aesthetic | 10 | |||
entertainment | 14 | |||
Self-development | Perfect or optimize the world outlook | 18 | 36 | 10.65 |
Make a personal breakthrough | 11 | |||
Improve one’s ability | 7 | |||
Self-identification | Represent part of me | 8 | 95 | 28.11 |
Have a sense of pride | 36 | |||
Be important in PCFLC | 12 | |||
Be attached to the place | 25 | |||
Be attached to the community | 14 |
Item | Item Description | Factor Loading | Factor Mean Value | AVE | CR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Autonomous motivation | 4.009 | 0.670 | 0.909 | ||
MA1 | This is part of my life. | 0.962 | |||
MA2 | I want to get a sense of accomplishment by doing this. | 0.772 | |||
MA3 | I am interested in the festival. | 0.819 | |||
MA4 | I want to achieve specific goals. | 0.668 | |||
MA5 | I want to have fun by doing this | 0.844 | |||
Controlled motivation. | 3.724 | 0.609 | 0.820 | ||
MC1 | I will be upset if I don’t do that. | 0.805 | |||
MC2 | I am influenced by external factors. | 0.611 | |||
MC3 | I am mainly for economic necessities. | 0.898 | |||
Leisure | 3.151 | 0.628 | 0.892 | ||
LI1 | It’s relaxing for me. | 0.772 | |||
LI2 | It enriches my hallmark event life. | 0.681 | |||
LI3 | It provides a chance to socialize with friends and other contacts. | 0.907 | |||
LI4 | It’s an aesthetic activity. | 0.651 | |||
LI5 | It ties the generations of my family together. | 0.912 | |||
Economic dependence | 4.117 | 0.684 | 0.869 | ||
ED1 | The festival increases the incomes of residents. | 0.714 | |||
ED2 | The festival supplies more jobs for us. | 0.781 | |||
ED3 | The festival promotes the development of related industries. | 0.966 | |||
Self-identity | 3.675 | 0.571 | 0.863 | ||
SI1 | I am proud of holding the festival in Luoyang. | 0.957 | |||
SI2 | Attending the festival reflects a part of me. | 0.682 | |||
SI3 | I feel like part of my community. | 0.896 | |||
SI4 | I make a very positive contribution to the success of the event. | 0.456 | |||
SI5 | I feel like part of the place. | 0.683 | |||
Self-development | 3.222 | 0.596 | 0.741 | ||
SD1 | The festival promotes my abilities. | 0.633 | |||
SD2 | The festival optimizes my worldview. | 0.889 | |||
Place satisfaction | 3.567 | 0.629 | 0.835 | ||
PS1 | I believe I did the right thing in PCFLC. | 0.728 | |||
PS2 | I am satisfied with my experience in PCFLC. | 0.751 | |||
PS3 | I am happy about my decision to PCFLC. | 0.891 |
Non-Mediated Model | Mediated Model | |
---|---|---|
Controlled motivation → Place meaning | Not estimated | −0.322 *** |
Autonomous motivation → Place meaning | Not estimated | 0.334 *** |
Place meaning → Place satisfaction | 0.404 *** | 0.445 *** |
Controlled motivation → Place satisfaction | 0.033 | −0.056 *** |
Autonomous motivation → Place satisfaction | 0.242 *** | 0.329 *** |
χ2 | 412.932 | 316.036 |
DF | 86 | 84 |
CMIN/DF | 4.802 | 3.762 |
Probability | 0 | 0 |
IFI | 0.904 | 0.932 |
TLI | 0.882 | 0.914 |
NFI | 0.882 | 0.909 |
CFI | 0.903 | 0.931 |
RMSEA | 0.089 | 0.075 |
Standard Total Effects | Controlled Motivation | Autonomous Motivation | Place Meaning | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Place meaning | −0.322 *** | 0.334 *** | 0 | ||
Place Satisfaction | −0.056 *** | 0.329 *** | 0.445 *** | ||
Standard direct effects | Controlled motivation | Autonomous motivation | Place meaning | ||
Place meaning | −0.322 *** | 0.334 *** | 0 | ||
Place satisfaction | 0.088 | 0.18 ** | 0.445 *** | ||
Standard indirect effects | Controlled motivation | Autonomous motivation | Place meaning | ||
Place meaning | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0 | ||
Place satisfaction | −0.143 *** | 0.148 *** | 0 | ||
Bootstrap mediation results | Point estimates | Standard error | Lower bound | Upper bound | p |
Controlled motivation → Place satisfaction | −0.143 | 0.051 | −0.266 | −0.064 | 0 |
Autonomous motivation → Place satisfaction | 0.148 | 0.045 | 0.078 | 0.259 | 0 |
Hypothesis | Path | Path Coefficients | T-Value | p Value | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
H1b | CM → PM | −0.322 | −5.466 | *** | supported |
H1a | AM → PM | 0.334 | 5.708 | *** | supported |
H3 | PM →PS | 0.445 | 5.107 | *** | supported |
H2b | CM → PS | 0.088 | 1.424 | 0.154 | unsupported |
H2a | AM →PS | 0.18 | 3.162 | 0.002 | supported |
H4 | AM ↔ CM | −0.344 | −6.322 | 0 | supported |
H5b | CM → PM → PS | −0.143 | 1.856 | *** | supported |
H5a | AM →PM → PS | 0.148 | 6.736 | *** | supported |
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Zhang, J.; Wu, S.; Sun, H. Residents’ Motivation and Place Meanings in a Hallmark Event: How to Develop a Sustainable Event in the Hosting Destination. Sustainability 2022, 14, 9526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159526
Zhang J, Wu S, Sun H. Residents’ Motivation and Place Meanings in a Hallmark Event: How to Develop a Sustainable Event in the Hosting Destination. Sustainability. 2022; 14(15):9526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159526
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Jie, Shaofeng Wu, and Huan Sun. 2022. "Residents’ Motivation and Place Meanings in a Hallmark Event: How to Develop a Sustainable Event in the Hosting Destination" Sustainability 14, no. 15: 9526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159526
APA StyleZhang, J., Wu, S., & Sun, H. (2022). Residents’ Motivation and Place Meanings in a Hallmark Event: How to Develop a Sustainable Event in the Hosting Destination. Sustainability, 14(15), 9526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159526