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Volume 13
Issue 24
10.3390/su132414030
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Article

Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features

by
Konstantinos Paschalidis
1,†,
Dimitrios Fanourakis
2,†,
Georgios Tsaniklidis
3,
Vasileios A. Tzanakakis
1,
Fotis Bilias
4,
Eftihia Samara
4,
Konstantinos Kalogiannakis
1,
Faten Jamel Debouba
1,
Ioannis Ipsilantis
4,
Georgios Tsoktouridis
5,6,
Theodora Matsi
4,* and
Nikos Krigas
5,*
1
Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
2
Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, Landscape and Environment, Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
3
Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, 71003 Chania, Greece
4
Soil Science Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
5
Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
6
Theofrastos Fertilizers, Industrial Area of Korinthos, Irinis & Filias, Ikismos Arion, Examilia, 20100 Korinthos, Greece
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 14030; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414030
Submission received: 16 November 2021 / Revised: 30 November 2021 / Accepted: 16 December 2021 / Published: 20 December 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Exploitation of Neglected or Underutilized Phytogenetic Resources: From Wild-Growing Native Plants to New Domesticated Crops)
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Abstract

The domestication of wild-growing plants, including cultivation and fertilization protocols, is able to alleviate the ecological risks posed by the uncontrolled harvesting of range-restricted local endemic plants. In this field study focused on Verbascum arcturus, a vulnerable local endemic of Crete (Greece), the effect of two kinds of fertilization applied by two methods (foliar/root) was investigated. The foliar application included conventional or integrated nutrient management (INM) fertilization. Root application included the application of conventional fertilizers, biostimulants, or INM with biostimulants. Several properties of plant growth, physiology and nutrition were determined. The results showed that fertilization treatment affected neither leaf color and shape nor plant growth, morphology, dry mass partitioning or nutrient content. However, both kinds of foliar-applied fertilization enhanced Zn and B in leaves and soil-applied biostimulant increased leaf Ca. Considering both chlorophyll and antioxidant compounds’ content, foliar application of the INM fertilizers, as well as soil application of the conventional fertilizers or biostimulants, could be considered as accepted options. This study reports for the first time an assessment of the total phenolic and flavonoids content evidenced in V. arcturus and encourages the use of fertilization in promoting the herbal antioxidant profile without compromising visual quality or yield. The findings of this study could be considered as a documented contribution toward the sustainable exploitation of V. arcturus.
Keywords: antioxidant; carotenoids; flavonoids; herbal quality; medicinal plant; phenols; plant nutrition; biostimulants; Greece antioxidant; carotenoids; flavonoids; herbal quality; medicinal plant; phenols; plant nutrition; biostimulants; Greece

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MDPI and ACS Style

Paschalidis, K.; Fanourakis, D.; Tsaniklidis, G.; Tzanakakis, V.A.; Bilias, F.; Samara, E.; Kalogiannakis, K.; Debouba, F.J.; Ipsilantis, I.; Tsoktouridis, G.; et al. Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features. Sustainability 2021, 13, 14030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414030

AMA Style

Paschalidis K, Fanourakis D, Tsaniklidis G, Tzanakakis VA, Bilias F, Samara E, Kalogiannakis K, Debouba FJ, Ipsilantis I, Tsoktouridis G, et al. Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features. Sustainability. 2021; 13(24):14030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414030

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paschalidis, Konstantinos, Dimitrios Fanourakis, Georgios Tsaniklidis, Vasileios A. Tzanakakis, Fotis Bilias, Eftihia Samara, Konstantinos Kalogiannakis, Faten Jamel Debouba, Ioannis Ipsilantis, Georgios Tsoktouridis, and et al. 2021. "Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features" Sustainability 13, no. 24: 14030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414030

APA Style

Paschalidis, K., Fanourakis, D., Tsaniklidis, G., Tzanakakis, V. A., Bilias, F., Samara, E., Kalogiannakis, K., Debouba, F. J., Ipsilantis, I., Tsoktouridis, G., Matsi, T., & Krigas, N. (2021). Pilot Cultivation of the Vulnerable Cretan Endemic Verbascum arcturus L. (Scrophulariaceae): Effect of Fertilization on Growth and Quality Features. Sustainability, 13(24), 14030. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414030

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