Exploring the Influences of Innovation Climate and Resource Endowments through Two Types of University–Industry Collaborative Activities on Regional Sustainable Development
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- Q1:
- Do the innovation climate and resource endowments factors affect the regional sustainable development?
- Q2:
- Which types of university–industry collaboration activities contribute to regional sustainable development?
- Q3:
- Do university–industry collaboration activities affect the role of innovation climate and resource endowments on regional sustainable development?
2. Literature Review and Hypotheses
2.1. University–Industry Collaboration and Regional Sustainable Development
2.1.1. Scientific and Technological Innovation Activities of UIC and Regional Sustainable Development
2.1.2. Business Activities of UIC and Regional Sustainable Development
2.2. Innovation Climate, UIC Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
2.2.1. Innovation Climate, UIC Scientific and Technological Innovation Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
2.2.2. Innovation Climate, UIC Business Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
2.3. Resource Endowments, UIC Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
2.3.1. Resource Endowments, UIC S&T Innovation Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
2.3.2. Resource Endowments, UIC Business Activities, and Regional Sustainable Development
3. Methods
3.1. Data Sources and Research Methods
3.2. Variable Measures
3.2.1. Innovation Climate
3.2.2. Regional Resource Endowments
3.2.3. UIC Scientific and Technological Innovation Activities
3.2.4. UIC Business Activities
3.2.5. Regional Sustainable Development
4. Results
4.1. Research Facet Reliability and Convergence Validity
4.2. Model Path Coefficient Analysis
4.2.1. Structural Model 1 Direct Effects
4.2.2. Structural Model 1 Mediating Effects
4.2.3. Structural Model 2 Direct Effects
4.2.4. Structural Model 2 Mediating Effects
5. Discussion and Conclusions
6. Research Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Metrics | Variable Symbol | Data Sources |
---|---|---|---|
Innovation climate | Number of published academic papers | PAPN | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook |
University publication of scientific and technological works | RPSTW | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook | |
Resource endowments | Number of R&D personnel in regional universities | RDP | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook |
Enterprise funds in internal expenditures of R&D funds | RDEF | China Science and Technology Statistics Yearbook | |
UIC S&T innovation activities | Number of patents granted | PGN | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook |
Number of basic research projects | BRPN | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook | |
UIC business activities | Sales revenue of new products of industrial enterprises above designated size | NPR | China Science and Technology Statistics Yearbook |
Number of technology transfer contracts | TTCN | China Higher Education Statistical Yearbook | |
Regional sustainable development | GDP per capita | PCGDP | China National Bureau of Statistics |
Average years of education of the population in the region | PEDU | China Population and Employment Statistical Yearbook | |
Sulfur dioxide emissions | SDE | China National Bureau of Statistics |
Loading | Cronbach’s α | CR | AVE | R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1: | |||||
Innovation climate | 0.930 | 0.966 | 0.934 | ||
RPSTW | 0.960 | ||||
PAPN | 0.973 | ||||
Resource Endowment | 0.810 | 0.912 | 0.839 | ||
RDP | 0.935 | ||||
RDEF | 0.896 | ||||
UIC technology innovation activities | 0.935 | 0.968 | 0.939 | 0.885 | |
PGN | 0.969 | ||||
BRPN | 0.969 | ||||
Regional sustainable development | 0.877 | 0.922 | 0.797 | 0.470 | |
PCGDP | 0.916 | ||||
PEDU | 0.917 | ||||
SDE | 0.844 | ||||
Model 2: | |||||
Innovation climate | 0.930 | 0.966 | 0.934 | ||
RPSTW | 0.963 | ||||
PAPN | 0.970 | ||||
Resource Endowments | 0.810 | 0.912 | 0.838 | ||
RDP | 0.893 | ||||
RDEF | 0.938 | ||||
UIC business activities | 0.748 | 0.888 | 0.798 | 0.774 | |
NPR | 0.904 | ||||
TTCN | 0.883 | ||||
Regional sustainable development | 0.877 | 0.898 | 0.748 | 0.280 | |
PCGDP | 0.973 | ||||
PEDU | 0.869 | ||||
SDE | 0.737 |
IC | RSD | RE | UIC_STIA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IC | 0.966 | |||
RSD | 0.552 | 0.893 | ||
RE | 0.857 | 0.593 | 0.916 | |
UIC_STIA | 0.905 | 0.686 | 0.907 | 0.969 |
IC | RSD | RE | UIC_BA | |
---|---|---|---|---|
IC | 0.967 | |||
RSD | 0.594 | 0.865 | ||
RE | 0.828 | 0.640 | 0.915 | |
UIC_BA | 0.755 | 0.529 | 0.879 | 0.894 |
Hypothesis | Relationship | Coefficient | Mean | SD | t-Value | p-Value | Decision |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct effect | |||||||
IC ⇒ UIC_STIA | 0.481 | 0.460 | 0.160 | 3.000 | 0.003 | ||
RE ⇒ UIC_STIA | 0.495 | 0.514 | 0.161 | 3.073 | 0.002 | ||
IC ⇒ UIC_BA | 0.088 | 0.086 | 0.196 | 0.449 | 0.654 | ||
RE ⇒ UIC_BA | 0.806 | 0.821 | 0.185 | 4.352 | 0.000 | ||
H1 | UIC_STIA ⇒ RSD | 0686 | 0.705 | 0.127 | 5.389 | 0.000 | Supported |
H2 | UIC_BA ⇒ RSD | 0.529 | 0.606 | 0.101 | 5.226 | 0.000 | Supported |
Indirect effect | |||||||
H3a | IC ⇒ UIC_STIA ⇒ RSD | 0.330 | 0.322 | 0.132 | 2.492 | 0.013 | Supported |
H4a | RE ⇒ UIC_STIA ⇒ RSD | 0.340 | 0.365 | 0.126 | 2.705 | 0.007 | Supported |
H3b | IC ⇒ UIC_BA ⇒ RSD | 0.047 | 0.057 | 0.126 | 0.368 | 0.713 | Rejected |
H4b | RE ⇒ UIC_ BA ⇒ RSD | 0.427 | 0.493 | 0.128 | 3.343 | 0.001 | Supported |
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Yu, S.; Zhang, S.; Yuizono, T. Exploring the Influences of Innovation Climate and Resource Endowments through Two Types of University–Industry Collaborative Activities on Regional Sustainable Development. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147559
Yu S, Zhang S, Yuizono T. Exploring the Influences of Innovation Climate and Resource Endowments through Two Types of University–Industry Collaborative Activities on Regional Sustainable Development. Sustainability. 2021; 13(14):7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147559
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Shu, Shuangshuang Zhang, and Takaya Yuizono. 2021. "Exploring the Influences of Innovation Climate and Resource Endowments through Two Types of University–Industry Collaborative Activities on Regional Sustainable Development" Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7559. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147559