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Sustainability
Volume 13
Issue 1
10.3390/su13010114
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Article

Vulnerability of the São Paulo Macro Metropolis to Droughts and Natural Disasters: Local to Regional Climate Risk Assessments and Policy Responses

by
Pedro Henrique Campello Torres
1,*,
Demerval Aparecido Gonçalves
2,
Flávia Mendes de Almeida Collaço
3,
Kauê Lopes dos Santos
1,
Katia Canil
4,
Wilson Cabral de Sousa Júnior
5 and
Pedro Roberto Jacobi
1
1
Divisão Científica de Gestão, Ciência e Tecnologia Ambiental, Instituto de Energia e Ambiente (IEE), Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 1289—Butantã, São Paulo SP 05508-010, Brazil
2
Engenharia de Infraestrutura Aeronáutica (PG-EIA), Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica (ITA), Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50—Vila das Acacias, São José dos Campos SP 12228-900, Brazil
3
Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades (EACH), Universidade de São Paulo, Rua Arlindo Béttio, 1000—Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo SP 03828-000, Brazil
4
Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território (PGT), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Av. dos Estados, 5001—Bangú, Santo André SP 09210-580, Brazil
5
Núcleo de Estudos em Infraestrutura, Ambiente e Sustentabilidade—NINFA, Divisão de Engenharia Civil, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, Praça Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50—Vila das Acacias, São José dos Campos SP 12228-900, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010114
Received: 16 November 2020 / Revised: 19 December 2020 / Accepted: 21 December 2020 / Published: 24 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Placing Climate Action)
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Abstract

The São Paulo Macro Metropolis (SPMM) is one of the richest and most inequitable regions of the Global South and is already experiencing the impacts of severe climate events. This study analyzes climate risk assessments and policy responses for this territory as well as its vulnerabilities. The Index of Vulnerability to Natural Disasters related to Droughts in the Context of Climate Change (IVDNS—acronym in Portuguese) was used to identify and select the most vulnerable municipalities in the SPMM. Following vulnerability analysis, the municipalities were subjected to risk analysis in the context of existing Brazilian legislation. The results indicate that, despite having positive capacities to respond to climate change, the analyzed municipalities are far from advancing from the status quo or taking the actions that are necessary to face future challenges in a climate emergency scenario. The results indicate that, despite being the most vulnerable to droughts and natural disasters, the cities analyzed are not the most vulnerable in the São Paulo Macro Metropolis from a socio-economic point of view. On the contrary, these are regions that could have a strong institutional capacity to respond to present and future challenges. View Full-Text
Keywords: climate risk assessment; climate change policy; climate emergency; subnational approach; São Paulo Macro Metropolis climate risk assessment; climate change policy; climate emergency; subnational approach; São Paulo Macro Metropolis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Campello Torres, P.H.; Gonçalves, D.A.; Mendes de Almeida Collaço, F.; Lopes dos Santos, K.; Canil, K.; Cabral de Sousa Júnior, W.; Jacobi, P.R. Vulnerability of the São Paulo Macro Metropolis to Droughts and Natural Disasters: Local to Regional Climate Risk Assessments and Policy Responses. Sustainability 2021, 13, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010114

AMA Style

Campello Torres PH, Gonçalves DA, Mendes de Almeida Collaço F, Lopes dos Santos K, Canil K, Cabral de Sousa Júnior W, Jacobi PR. Vulnerability of the São Paulo Macro Metropolis to Droughts and Natural Disasters: Local to Regional Climate Risk Assessments and Policy Responses. Sustainability. 2021; 13(1):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010114

Chicago/Turabian Style

Campello Torres, Pedro H., Demerval A. Gonçalves, Flávia Mendes de Almeida Collaço, Kauê Lopes dos Santos, Katia Canil, Wilson Cabral de Sousa Júnior, and Pedro R. Jacobi. 2021. "Vulnerability of the São Paulo Macro Metropolis to Droughts and Natural Disasters: Local to Regional Climate Risk Assessments and Policy Responses" Sustainability 13, no. 1: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010114

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