Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Related Literature
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Clustering Procedure
3.2. Dependent Variables
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
A.1. Social Support Availability
A.2. Satisfaction with the Dwelling and Neighbourhood
- Satisfaction with characteristics of the dwelling (layout of rooms, size and construction quality);
- Satisfaction with access to the dwelling (access to the residential building, apartment);
- Satisfaction with the neighbourhood (general orderliness, peacefulness, air quality, safety);
- Satisfaction with services (proximity of healthcare, public amenities and services, access to long-term care, recreation and socialising opportunities).
- Bathroom and toilet modifications
- Changes in the layout of the premises
- Rearrangements for easier and safe movement
- Rearrangements for easier access to the dwelling
- Modifications in the kitchen
- Modifications to furniture and equipment
A.3. Place Attachment
- The dwelling represents a legacy for my children;
- The dwelling represents my life achievement;
- The dwelling represents a memory of my life;
- This is where my friends and acquaintances live;
- I manage well in this dwelling and environment;
- The dwelling is a great financial investment;
- I feel independent in this dwelling.
A.4. Additional Variables Observed Were:
- Household type (single vs. other types);
- Gender;
- Age.
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a | |
Variables | Value |
Sex | |
Female | 56 |
Male | 44 |
Education | |
Primary school | 18.3 |
Specialised secondary school | 19.2 |
High school | 39.3 |
Tertiary school or university | 23.2 |
Income | |
Can live on current income without difficulty | 40.3 |
Can just about cope on current income | 46.7 |
Can barely get by on current income | 8.2 |
Can get by on current income with extreme difficulty | 4.7 |
Health condition | |
Very poor | 2.3 |
Poor | 9.0 |
Satisfactory | 42.8 |
Good | 34.4 |
Very good | 11.5 |
Hindering chronic illness | |
Yes, very | 12.1 |
Yes, to some degree | 30.5 |
No | 57.4 |
Location of residence | |
In the countryside | 45.3 |
In a small settlement or a small town | 30.4 |
In a city | 11.1 |
In Ljubljana* or Maribor** | 13.3 |
Place of residence | |
In my house | 72.5 |
In my apartment | 24.7 |
In a rented apartment | 2.2 |
In a rented house | 0.2 |
In an apartment or house with relatives | 0.1 |
Other | 0.2 |
Household type | |
Single household | 25.2 |
Household with partner | 37.2 |
Household with partner and children | 21.9 |
Without partner but with children | 5.2 |
Multigenerational household | 8.6 |
Other | 1.9 |
Residence’s adequacy for older people’s needs | |
Yes | 82.0 |
No | 18.0 |
Proximity of relatives | |
In the same household | 21.1 |
In the same building, but in another household | 20.1 |
In the same neighbourhood or in the same area | 27.2 |
Somewhere else | 30.3 |
I do not have close relatives | 1.3 |
Environment conditions satisfaction (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not satisfied at all, 5 = very satisfied) | |
General orderliness | 4.17 |
Peacefulness | 4.27 |
Air quality | 4.16 |
Safety | 4.35 |
Accessibility satisfaction (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not satisfied at all, 5 = very satisfied) | |
Access to the building | 4.32 |
Access to the home | 4.11 |
Proximity of relatives and friends | 4.13 |
Healthcare proximity | 4.12 |
Access to long-term care | 3.97 |
Socialisation and recreation opportunities | 4.03 |
Proximity of public amenities and services | 4.13 |
b | |
Variables | Value |
Age (in years) | 69.4 |
Home modifications needed (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = no need at all, 5 = very necessary) | |
Bathroom | 2.53 |
Room distribution | 1.90 |
Easier and safer movement | 2.21 |
Easier access to the home | 2.10 |
Kitchen adaptation | 1.83 |
Furniture and equipment adaptation | 1.86 |
Housing satisfaction (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not satisfied at all, 5 = very satisfied) | |
Room distribution | 4.18 |
Size | 4.11 |
Construction quality | 3.94 |
Housing value (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not important at all, 5 = very important) | |
Represents a legacy for my children | 3.99 |
Represents my life achievement | 4.04 |
Represents a memory of my life | 4.00 |
Where my friends and acquaintances live | 3.92 |
I manage well in this home and environment | 4.57 |
Is a great financial investment | 3.92 |
I feel independent in this home | 4.70 |
Attachment (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not attached at all, 5 = very attached) | |
To the home | 4.38 |
To environment | 4.20 |
Environmental conditions satisfaction (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not satisfied at all, 5 = very satisfied) | |
General orderliness | 4.17 |
Peacefulness | 4.27 |
Air quality | 4.16 |
Safety | 4.35 |
Accessibility satisfaction (mean; scale 1–5; 1 = not satisfied at all, 5 = very satisfied) | |
Access to the building | 4.32 |
Access to the home | 4.11 |
Proximity of relatives and friends | 4.13 |
Healthcare proximity | 4.12 |
Access to long-term care | 3.97 |
Socialisation and recreation opportunities | 4.03 |
Proximity of public amenities and services | 4.13 |
Dependent Variables/Clusters | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (mean)** | 69.0 | 71.0 | 69.1 | 71.7 | 67.8 |
Health (mean)*** | 3.22 | 3.46 | 3.41 | 3.25 | 3.63 |
Education (% with higher education)** | 18.6 | 18.7 | 33.3 | 17.0 | 28.1 |
Income (% with difficulty managing income)** | 17.6 | 13.6 | 10.6 | 25.3 | 9.1 |
Household type (% of single households)** | 26.5 | 32.6 | 16.5 | 40.0 | 21.3 |
Relocation (% considering moving house)*** | 15.5 | 9.0 | 25.6 | 5.3 | 14.2 |
Relatives living further away (%) | 21.0 | 32.3 | 36.4 | 41.9 | 27.7 |
Satisfaction with … (mean) | |||||
Room distribution | 4.26 | 4.22 | 4.06 | 4.15 | 4.21 |
Building quality | 3.80 | 4.01 | 3.85 | 3.97 | 4.00 |
Size | 4.11 | 4.05 | 3.99 | 4.12 | 4.21 |
General orderliness** | 4.10 | 4.23 | 4.07 | 4.38 | 4.10 |
Peacefulness of environment | 4.32 | 4.31 | 4.24 | 4.35 | 4.22 |
Air quality | 4.28 | 4.11 | 4.13 | 4.36 | 4.17 |
Safety | 4.43 | 4.40 | 4.29 | 4.33 | 4.38 |
Home modifications needed (mean) | |||||
Bathroom | 2.60 | 2.69 | 2.57 | 2.33 | 2.60 |
Room distribution** | 1.94 | 2.11 | 2.01 | 1.73 | 1.82 |
Easier and safer movement | 2.25 | 2.39 | 2.28 | 1.99 | 2.20 |
Easier access to the home** | 2.14 | 2.29 | 2.28 | 1.73 | 2.17 |
Kitchen adaptation | 1.80 | 1.98 | 1.87 | 1.69 | 1.82 |
Furniture and equipment adaptation | 1.86 | 2.02 | 1.91 | 1.72 | 1.85 |
Accessibility (mean) | |||||
Accessibility to the building | 4.36 | 4.39 | 4.23 | 4.29 | 4.34 |
Access to the home | 4.14 | 4.11 | 3.94 | 4.09 | 4.20 |
Proximity of family and friends | 4.23 | 4.23 | 4.01 | 4.08 | 4.18 |
Proximity of healthcare services | 4.16 | 4.26 | 4.03 | 4.08 | 4.15 |
Access to long-term care** | 3.86 | 4.01 | 3.88 | 3.90 | 4.12 |
Socialisation and recreation opportunities | 3.90 | 4.11 | 3.94 | 3.90 | 4.14 |
Proximity of public amenities and services | 4.06 | 4.16 | 4.00 | 4.22 | 4.22 |
Meaning of home (mean) | |||||
Legacy for my children*** | 4.08 | 4.23 | 3.67 | 3.99 | 4.05 |
My life achievement*** | 4.12 | 4.24 | 3.76 | 4.16 | 4.10 |
Represents a memory of my life*** | 4.25 | 4.27 | 3.55 | 4.18 | 4.18 |
Where my friends and acquaintance live*** | 3.93 | 4.06 | 3.63 | 3.97 | 4.10 |
Manage well in the home and environment*** | 4.68 | 4.68 | 4.42 | 4.51 | 4.61 |
A great financial investment*** | 4.17 | 3.92 | 3.68 | 3.85 | 4.03 |
I feel independent in this home | 4.78 | 4.71 | 4.62 | 4.69 | 4.74 |
Attachment (mean) | |||||
To the home*** | 4.51 | 4.55 | 4.11 | 4.47 | 4.41 |
To the environment*** | 4.38 | 4.37 | 3.90 | 4.45 | 4.18 |
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Filipovič Hrast, M.; Sendi, R.; Kerbler, B. Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072888
Filipovič Hrast M, Sendi R, Kerbler B. Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs. Sustainability. 2020; 12(7):2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072888
Chicago/Turabian StyleFilipovič Hrast, Maša, Richard Sendi, and Boštjan Kerbler. 2020. "Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs" Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072888
APA StyleFilipovič Hrast, M., Sendi, R., & Kerbler, B. (2020). Housing Choices of Older People: Staying or Moving in the Case of High Care Needs. Sustainability, 12(7), 2888. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072888