Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Areas and Sampling Plots
2.2. Field and Laboratory Methods
2.3. Statistical Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Sampling Plot | pH I | pH II | pH III | EC I | EC II | EC III | Org I | Org II | Org III | SWC I | SWC II | SWC III | Pb | Cd | Ni | Cr | Cu | Zn |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-1 | 6.23 | 6.03 | 5.48 | 0.88 | 0.54 | 0.10 | 1.79 | 2.17 | 1.60 | 3.30 | 7.46 | 11.08 | 10.0 | 0.18 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 34.8 |
1-2 | 6.46 | 6.20 | 5.89 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 3.98 | 6.13 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 10.10 | 6.66 | 10.0 | 0.18 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 34.8 |
1-3 | 6.46 | 6.20 | 5.89 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 3.98 | 6.13 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 10.10 | 6.66 | 10.0 | 0.18 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 34.8 |
1-4 | 6.46 | 6.20 | 5.89 | 0.57 | 0.52 | 0.17 | 3.98 | 6.13 | 1.10 | 2.10 | 10.10 | 6.66 | 10.0 | 0.18 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 34.8 |
1-5 | 7.21 | 7.07 | 5.45 | 0.61 | 0.63 | 0.48 | 2.76 | 6.69 | 1.03 | 1.80 | 6.54 | 3.96 | 10.0 | 0.18 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 5.8 | 34.8 |
2-1 | 7.03 | 6.97 | 7.30 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.24 | 4.29 | 5.51 | 2.64 | 6.00 | 13.64 | 11.55 | 19.7 | 0.24 | 8.0 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 47.7 |
2-2 | 7.47 | 6.95 | 7.89 | 0.60 | 0.51 | 0.28 | 2.04 | 6.16 | 2.18 | 5.60 | 14.10 | 12.00 | 19.7 | 0.24 | 8.0 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 47.7 |
2-3 | 7.29 | 5.53 | 5.30 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 3.58 | 3.97 | 1.19 | 4.10 | 10.95 | 12.21 | 19.7 | 0.24 | 8.0 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 47.7 |
3-1 | 7.7 | 7.58 | 7.48 | 1.42 | 1.00 | 1.29 | 3.04 | 3.94 | 3.41 | 5.10 | 8.72 | 7.32 | 54.8 | 0.32 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 33.3 | 259.0 |
3-2 | 7.67 | 7.53 | 7.72 | 1.01 | 1.11 | 0.75 | 2.87 | 5.79 | 4.03 | 6.10 | 8.13 | 5.31 | 54.8 | 0.32 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 33.3 | 259.0 |
3-3 | 7.89 | 7.60 | 7.31 | 1.49 | 0.72 | 0.85 | 3.56 | 3.01 | 6.43 | 4.80 | 8.95 | 5.81 | 54.8 | 0.32 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 33.3 | 259.0 |
4-1 | 7.25 | 7.20 | 7.33 | 0.96 | 0.66 | 1.41 | 3.25 | 3.60 | 7.26 | 5.00 | 6.05 | 11.45 | 57.8 | 0.41 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 37.0 | 273.0 |
4-2 | 7.17 | 7.36 | 7.15 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 1.13 | 2.91 | 4.91 | 4.04 | 12.60 | 10.71 | 4.31 | 57.8 | 0.41 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 37.0 | 273.0 |
4-3 | 7.17 | 7.36 | 7.15 | 0.71 | 0.64 | 1.13 | 2.91 | 4.91 | 4.04 | 12.60 | 10.71 | 4.31 | 57.8 | 0.41 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 37.0 | 273.0 |
5-1 | 7.04 | 6.31 | 7.11 | 1.29 | 0.63 | 0.34 | 6.68 | 5.73 | 10.93 | 12.70 | 20.35 | 15.09 | 26.4 | 0.38 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 31.7 | 140.0 |
5-2 | 7.04 | 6.31 | 7.11 | 1.29 | 0.63 | 0.34 | 6.68 | 5.73 | 10.93 | 12.70 | 20.35 | 15.09 | 26.4 | 0.38 | 25.5 | 25.9 | 31.7 | 140.0 |
6-1 | 7.45 | 7.82 | 7.59 | 1.21 | 0.57 | 2.92 | 3.87 | 3.03 | 3.00 | 6.90 | 9.87 | 9.06 | 15.8 | 0.28 | 14.0 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 77.8 |
6-2 | 7.47 | 7.23 | 7.36 | 0.82 | 1.55 | 6.00 | 1.94 | 4.32 | 5.71 | 4.60 | 13.64 | 9.93 | 15.8 | 0.28 | 14.0 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 77.8 |
6-3 | 7.45 | 7.38 | 7.42 | 0.91 | 2.96 | 0.75 | 2.88 | 2.49 | 2.56 | 6.70 | 11.26 | 9.28 | 15.8 | 0.28 | 14.0 | 16.2 | 15.8 | 77.8 |
7-1 | 6.98 | 7.13 | 7.33 | 1.92 | 0.33 | 1.60 | 7.54 | 3.36 | 2.86 | 16.70 | 8.05 | 7.56 | 30.4 | 0.61 | 30.4 | 27.4 | 29.9 | 130.0 |
7-2 | 7.23 | 6.81 | 6.96 | 0.63 | 0.88 | 0.70 | 9.40 | 7.26 | 6.65 | 15.00 | 21.09 | 13.56 | 30.4 | 0.61 | 30.4 | 27.4 | 29.9 | 130.0 |
8-1 | 7.64 | 7.52 | 7.52 | 0.71 | 4.46 | 6.90 | 8.59 | 19.38 | 19.61 | 8.00 | 27.20 | 41.11 | 19.9 | 0.25 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 12.9 | 87.8 |
8-2 | 7.64 | 7.52 | 7.52 | 0.71 | 4.46 | 6.90 | 8.59 | 19.38 | 19.61 | 8.00 | 27.20 | 41.11 | 19.9 | 0.25 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 12.9 | 87.8 |
9-1 | 7.39 | 7.16 | 6.96 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 7.35 | 6.47 | 7.11 | 7.80 | 7.87 | 21.61 | 97.8 | 0.71 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 56.7 | 495 |
9-2 | 7.39 | 7.16 | 6.96 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 0.54 | 7.35 | 6.47 | 7.11 | 7.80 | 7.87 | 21.61 | 97.8 | 0.71 | 14.2 | 18.7 | 56.7 | 495 |
10-1 | 6.38 | 5.17 | 5.04 | 0.56 | 0.14 | 0.30 | 3.31 | 4.84 | 3.73 | 2.70 | 3.69 | 5.81 | 10.00 | 0.08 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 14.9 |
10-2 | 7.40 | 7.19 | 7.69 | 1.10 | 0.86 | 0.74 | 3.44 | 7.57 | 3.26 | 3.90 | 4.14 | 9.35 | 10.00 | 0.08 | 12.6 | 12.6 | 5.9 | 32.8 |
10-3 | 7.5 | 7.35 | 7.4 | 1.09 | 1.15 | 0.80 | 3.44 | 6.13 | 6.11 | 3.90 | 7.32 | 10.42 | 10.00 | 0.06 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 26.7 |
11-1 | 7.9 | 7.48 | 7.95 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 1.96 | 2.84 | 0.44 | 4.30 | 2.38 | 11.20 | 89.3 | 0.22 | 8.0 | 22.3 | 305.0 | 126.0 |
11-2 | 7.9 | 7.48 | 7.95 | 0.46 | 0.07 | 1.00 | 1.96 | 2.84 | 0.44 | 4.30 | 2.38 | 11.20 | 89.3 | 0.22 | 8.0 | 22.3 | 305.0 | 126.0 |
12-1 | 6.56 | 5.8 | 6.82 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 6.41 | 6.13 | 7.44 | 8.00 | 8.28 | 15.71 | 119.0 | 0.27 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 244.0 | 88.8 |
12-2 | 6.56 | 5.8 | 6.82 | 0.40 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 6.41 | 6.13 | 7.44 | 8.00 | 8.28 | 15.71 | 119.0 | 0.27 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 244.0 | 88.8 |
12-3 | 6.64 | 6.42 | 7.26 | 0.92 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 8.05 | 7.57 | 7.06 | 13.40 | 17.30 | 13.92 | 119.0 | 0.27 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 244.0 | 88.8 |
13-1 | 7.57 | 6.36 | 6.25 | 1.02 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 5.98 | 1.75 | 3.04 | 5.00 | 1.63 | 6.82 | 40.2 | 0.20 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 40.6 | 110.0 |
13-2 | 7.57 | 6.36 | 6.25 | 1.02 | 0.17 | 0.40 | 5.98 | 1.75 | 3.04 | 5.00 | 1.63 | 6.82 | 40.2 | 0.20 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 40.6 | 110.0 |
14-1 | 7.12 | 7.14 | 6.00 | 1.19 | 1.01 | 0.14 | 8.98 | 7.34 | 2.79 | 5.00 | 4.96 | 11.05 | 54.6 | 0.47 | 8.0 | 18.4 | 42.6 | 86.7 |
14-2 | 7.23 | 6.82 | 5.73 | 0.77 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 5.41 | 6.55 | 4.80 | 4.30 | 8.38 | 8.97 | 54.6 | 0.47 | 8.0 | 18.4 | 42.6 | 86.7 |
15-1 | 7.64 | 7.3 | 8.42 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 1.12 | 5.39 | 9.96 | 4.71 | 5.30 | 20.94 | 10.64 | 58.9 | 0.67 | 17.2 | 17.6 | 113.0 | 321.0 |
16-1 | 7.74 | 7.45 | 8.50 | 0.65 | 0.49 | 0.38 | 6.86 | 5.44 | 1.77 | 7.20 | 16.29 | 12.13 | 196.0 | 0.96 | 14.5 | 20.6 | 131.0 | 277.0 |
16-2 | 7.74 | 7.45 | 8.50 | 2.33 | 0.58 | 0.49 | 6.86 | 5.44 | 1.77 | 7.20 | 16.29 | 12.13 | 196.0 | 0.96 | 14.5 | 20.6 | 131.0 | 277.0 |
17-1 | 6.28 | 6.99 | 6.25 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 6.30 | 5.14 | 5.94 | 13.10 | 10.01 | 10.96 | 19.6 | 0.58 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 114.0 |
17-2 | 6.28 | 6.99 | 6.25 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 6.30 | 5.14 | 5.94 | 13.10 | 10.01 | 10.96 | 19.6 | 0.58 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 114.0 |
17-3 | 6.48 | 6.25 | 6.08 | 0.76 | 0.20 | 0.49 | 5.26 | 4.42 | 3.69 | 10.80 | 8.73 | 8.41 | 19.6 | 0.58 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 114.0 |
17-4 | 6.28 | 6.99 | 6.25 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 6.30 | 5.14 | 5.94 | 13.10 | 10.01 | 10.96 | 19.6 | 0.58 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 114.0 |
17-5 | 6.28 | 6.99 | 6.25 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.53 | 6.30 | 5.14 | 5.94 | 13.10 | 10.01 | 10.96 | 19.6 | 0.58 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 24.8 | 114.0 |
18-1 | 7.00 | 6.94 | 7.80 | 0.66 | 0.98 | 0.60 | 8.79 | 7.13 | 9.08 | 11.30 | 21.27 | 9.51 | 33.4 | 0.25 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 18.2 | 72.9 |
19-1 | 7.68 | 7.41 | 7.25 | 0.75 | 1.19 | 1.00 | 2.79 | 4.28 | 3.68 | 8.50 | 11.26 | 16.40 | 10.0 | 0.88 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 7.4 | 106.0 |
20-1 | 7.42 | 7.50 | 7.40 | 0.75 | 0.96 | 0.69 | 4.59 | 0.67 | 2.11 | 4.30 | 17.43 | 15.26 | 33.5 | 0.50 | 8.0 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 109.0 |
21-1 | 7.00 | 7.83 | 7.21 | 0.55 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 3.66 | 2.87 | 3.22 | 6.68 | 7.18 | 12.74 | 49.2 | 0.28 | 13.8 | 8.0 | 29.8 | 98.1 |
21-2 | 6.88 | 7.38 | 6.97 | 0.62 | 0.85 | 0.66 | 4.69 | 7.23 | 5.03 | 7.13 | 22.77 | 19.90 | 49.2 | 0.28 | 13.8 | 8.0 | 29.8 | 98.1 |
22-1 | 7.57 | 7.92 | 7.13 | 0.73 | 0.47 | 0.36 | 4.14 | 5.07 | 4.52 | 4.90 | 11.13 | 8.19 | 10.0 | 0.23 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 60.7 |
22-2 | 7.50 | 7.50 | 7.15 | 0.61 | 0.86 | 0.60 | 1.90 | 3.15 | 3.01 | 5.10 | 15.86 | 7.68 | 10.0 | 0.23 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 60.7 |
23-1 | 7.63 | 7.44 | 7.32 | 0.67 | 0.60 | 0.92 | 4.60 | 4.67 | 5.16 | 6.67 | 5.66 | 14.96 | 71.9 | 0.12 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 16.5 | 74.9 |
23-2 | 7.45 | 7.35 | 7.93 | 0.54 | 0.66 | 0.52 | 3.82 | 2.88 | 1.60 | 5.99 | 4.60 | 11.12 | 71.9 | 0.12 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 16.5 | 74.9 |
24-1 | 4.50 | 4.12 | 4.60 | 0.51 | 0.63 | 0.46 | 4.23 | 4.63 | 5.22 | 5.32 | 3.33 | 9.54 | 75.2 | 0.15 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 56.2 | 50.0 |
24-2 | 6.30 | 6.70 | 6.33 | 0.35 | 0.31 | 0.43 | 2.87 | 1.30 | 3.64 | 6.49 | 1.69 | 16.00 | 75.2 | 0.15 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 56.2 | 50.0 |
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Sampling Plot | Phytosociological Units | Stage of Succession | Species | Individuals |
---|---|---|---|---|
1-1 | Regenerative woodland (Populus × canescens association) | Advanced | 1 | 0.39 |
1-2 | Grassland (Calamagrostietum epigeji Juraszek 1928) | Early | 10 | 8.98 |
1-3 | Grassland (Festuca rubra, association on a slope) | Advanced | 7 | 10.16 |
1-4 | Rushes (Phragmition Koch 1926) | Early | 3 | 2.22 |
1-5 | Regenerative woodland (Quercus rubra, Tilia cordata association) | Advanced | 6 | 3.91 |
2-1 | Regenerative woodland (Quercus robur, Betula pendula association) | Advanced | 11 | 50.78 |
2-2 | Regenerative woodland (Betula pendula, Populus tremula association) | Advanced | 7 | 7.81 |
2-3 | Bushes (Solidago gigantea association) | Early | 23 | 66.80 |
3-1 | Grassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 5 | 8.62 |
3-2 | Grassland (Dactylis glomerata association) | Early | 10 | 53.73 |
3-3 | Bushes (Prunus cerasifera association) | Early | 14 | 12.31 |
4-1 | Eegenerative woodland (Salix caprea, Betula pendula association) | Advanced | 7 | 6.30 |
4-2 | Regenerative woodland (Acer platanoides, Acer negundo association) | Early | 7 | 5.51 |
4-3 | Herbs (Artemisietea Lohm., Prsg et R. Tx. in R. Tx. 1950) | Early | 12 | 46.85 |
5-1 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Early | 7 | 10.23 |
5-2 | Bushes (Solidago gigantea association) | Early | 11 | 28.41 |
6-1 | Tree coverage of Prunus cerasifera, Acer pseudoplatanus | Advanced | 8 | 17.29 |
6-2 | Grassland (Arrhenatherion elatioris (Br.-Bl. 1925) Koch 1926) | Early | 13 | 30.45 |
6-3 | Grassland (Lolio-Polygonetum Br-Bl. 1930 em. Lohm. 1975) | Early | 19 | 153.38 |
7-1 | Grassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 10 | 124.81 |
7-2 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Advanced | 12 | 16.41 |
8-1 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Advanced | 11 | 14.02 |
8-2 | Herbs (Artemisietea Lohm., Prsg et R. Tx. in R. Tx. 1950) | Early | 8 | 12.88 |
9-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Tilia cordata, Acer platanoides association) | Advanced | 6 | 6.53 |
9-2 | EGrassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 14 | 71.90 |
10-1 | Regenerative woodland (Populus × canescens association) | Early | 13 | 78.41 |
10-2 | Grassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 10 | 35.35 |
10-3 | Grassland (Calamagrostietum epigeji Juraszek 1928) | Early | 11 | 38.38 |
11-1 | Bushes (Prunus cerasifera association) | Early | 6 | 3.70 |
11-2 | Bushes (Corylus avellana association) | Early | 7 | 7.41 |
12-1 | Bushes (Solidago gigantea association) | Early | 9 | 19.70 |
12-2 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Advanced | 10 | 9.09 |
12-3 | Regenerative woodland (Populus tremula, Acer negundo association) | Advanced | 5 | 6.82 |
13-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Populus nigra-P. × canescens association) | Advanced | 10 | 12.88 |
13-2 | Bushes (Cornus sanguinea association) | Early | 10 | 6.44 |
14-1 | Regenerative woodland (Quercus rubra, Acer platanoides association) | Advanced | 10 | 9.84 |
14-2 | Regenerative woodland (Betula pendula, Agrostis capillaris association) | Advanced | 6 | 14.57 |
15-1 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Early | 3 | 1.10 |
16-1 | Regenerative woodland (Populus × canescens association) | Early | 0 | 0.00 |
16-2 | Regenerative woodland (Acer negundo association) | Early | 0 | 0.00 |
17-1 | Regenerative woodland (Robinia pseudoacacia association) | Advanced | 20 | 42.16 |
17-2 | Grassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 12 | 14.18 |
17-3 | Regenerative woodland (Tilia cordata association) | Advanced | 14 | 10.07 |
17-4 | Regenerative woodland (Tilia cordata association) | Advanced | 21 | 41.79 |
17-5 | Woodland (Populus × canescens association) | Advanced | 21 | 63.06 |
18-1 | Woodland (Acer negundo association) | Early | 19 | 20.08 |
19-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Salicetum albo-fragilis R.Tx. 1955) | Advanced | 35 | 187.50 |
20-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Salicetum albo-fragilis R.Tx. 1955) | Early | 18 | 44.92 |
21-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Salicetum albo-fragilis R.Tx. 1955) | Early | 21 | 53.91 |
21-2 | Woodland (Populetum albae Br.-Bl. 1931) | Early | 14 | 48.05 |
22-1 | Regenerative woodlands (Salicetum albo-fragilis R.Tx. 1955) | Advanced | 17 | 23.48 |
22-2 | Woodland (Populetum albae Br.-Bl. 1931) | Advanced | 10 | 9.09 |
23-1 | Grassland (Lolio-Cynosuretum R.Tx. 1937) | Early | 6 | 19.07 |
23-2 | Woodland (Populus × canescens association) | Advanced | 8 | 5.56 |
24-1 | Regenerative woodland (Quercus robur, Tilia cordata association) | Advanced | 13 | 35.98 |
24-2 | Regenerative woodland (Acer platanoides, Robinia pseudoacacia association) | Advanced | 10 | 11.36 |
Variable | Tested Separately | Forward Selection | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lambda-1 | F | p | Lambda-A | F | p | |
Pb | 0.18 | 11.868 | 0.0020 | 0.18 | 11.87 | 0.002 |
Cu | 0.09 | 5.614 | 0.0195 | 0.01 | 1.69 | 0.197 |
SWC I | 0.06 | 3.152 | 0.0715 | 0.01 | 1.73 | 0.190 |
pH III | 0.04 | 1.993 | 0.1745 | −0.00 | 0.05 | 0.814 |
Zn | 0.04 | 1.960 | 0.1560 | 0.02 | 1.48 | 0.242 |
Org II | 0.02 | 0.967 | 0.2875 | 0.04 | 3.06 | 0.082 |
pH I | 0.02 | 0.919 | 0.3360 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.373 |
Cd | 0.01 | 0.693 | 0.4100 | 0.10 | 7.04 | 0.011 |
EC I | 0.01 | 0.519 | 0.4765 | 0.05 | 4.02 | 0.057 |
EC II | 0.01 | 0.416 | 0.4960 | 0.02 | 1.26 | 0.254 |
Org III | 0.01 | 0.296 | 0.5765 | 0.09 | 9.20 | 0.004 |
Cr | 0.00 | 0.246 | 0.6175 | 0.05 | 4.28 | 0.038 |
SWC III | 0.00 | 0.094 | 0.7500 | 0.01 | 0.80 | 0.366 |
Ni | 0.00 | 0.069 | 0.7740 | −0.00 | 0.05 | 0.826 |
SWC II | 0.00 | 0.021 | 0.8855 | 0.01 | 0.77 | 0.401 |
pH II | 0.00 | 0.015 | 0.9035 | 0.01 | 0.63 | 0.412 |
EC III | 0.00 | 0.016 | 0.9035 | 0.01 | 0.76 | 0.373 |
Org I | 0.00 | 0.014 | 0.9110 | −0.00 | 0.00 | 0.945 |
Variable | Tested Separately | Forward Selection | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lambda-1 | F | p | Lambda-A | F | p | |
Pb | 0.07 | 4.354 | 0.0445 | 0.07 | 4.35 | 0.045 |
Cu | 0.06 | 3.423 | 0.0525 | 0.02 | 1.36 | 0.258 |
Cd | 0.04 | 2.392 | 0.1315 | 0.12 | 7.84 | 0.010 |
SWC I | 0.04 | 2.249 | 0.1415 | 0.02 | 1.46 | 0.229 |
Ni | 0.03 | 1.514 | 0.2120 | 0.02 | 1.82 | 0.184 |
EC II | 0.03 | 1.390 | 0.1995 | 0.10 | 7.49 | 0.014 |
EC I | 0.02 | 1.327 | 0.2545 | −0.00 | 0.35 | 0.545 |
Org II | 0.02 | 1.304 | 0.2254 | 0.04 | 2.38 | 0.133 |
Cr | 0.01 | 0.798 | 0.3790 | 0.02 | 1.17 | 0.296 |
Org I | 0.01 | 0.603 | 0.4735 | 0.01 | 1.50 | 0.216 |
Org III | 0.00 | 0.274 | 0.5945 | 0.01 | 1.10 | 0.327 |
Zn | 0.00 | 0.181 | 0.6710 | 0.03 | 1.85 | 0.190 |
pH II | 0.00 | 0.108 | 0.7405 | 0.02 | 2.10 | 0.155 |
SWC II | 0.00 | 0.079 | 0.7760 | 0.01 | 1.16 | 0.290 |
pH III | 0.00 | 0.077 | 0.7760 | 0.03 | 2.02 | 0.165 |
EC III | 0.00 | 0.016 | 0.9075 | 0.02 | 1.25 | 0.262 |
pH I | 0.00 | 0.005 | 0.9455 | 0.01 | 1.08 | 0.299 |
SWC III | 0.00 | 0.000 | 1.0000 | 0.01 | 1.11 | 0.301 |
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Schwerk, A.; Wińska-Krysiak, M.; Przybysz, A.; Zaraś-Januszkiewicz, E.; Sikorski, P. Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410673
Schwerk A, Wińska-Krysiak M, Przybysz A, Zaraś-Januszkiewicz E, Sikorski P. Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability. 2020; 12(24):10673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410673
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchwerk, Axel, Marzena Wińska-Krysiak, Arkadiusz Przybysz, Ewa Zaraś-Januszkiewicz, and Piotr Sikorski. 2020. "Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland" Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410673
APA StyleSchwerk, A., Wińska-Krysiak, M., Przybysz, A., Zaraś-Januszkiewicz, E., & Sikorski, P. (2020). Carabid Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Response to Soil Properties of Urban Wastelands in Warsaw, Poland. Sustainability, 12(24), 10673. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410673