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Volume 12
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10.3390/su12218875
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Article

Understanding N2O Emissions in African Ecosystems: Assessments from a Semi-Arid Savanna Grassland in Senegal and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Fields in Kenya

by
Laurent Bigaignon
1,2,*,
Claire Delon
1,*,
Ousmane Ndiaye
3,
Corinne Galy-Lacaux
1,
Dominique Serça
1,
Frédéric Guérin
4,
Tiphaine Tallec
2,
Lutz Merbold
5,6,
Torbern Tagesson
7,8,
Rasmus Fensholt
8,
Sylvain André
1 and
Sylvain Galliau
1
1
Laboratoire d’Aérologie, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CEDEX 6, 31013 Toulouse, France
2
Centre d’Etudes Spatiales de la BIOsphère, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, IRD, CEDEX 6, 31013 Toulouse, France
3
Centre de Recherche Zootechnique, Institut Sénégalais de Recherche Agricole, BP 3120 Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
4
Geosciences Environnement Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, IRD, CEDEX 6, 31013 Toulouse, France
5
Mazingira Centre, International Livestock Research Institute, 30709 Nairobi, Kenya
6
Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland
7
Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Box 117, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
8
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2020, 12(21), 8875; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218875
Submission received: 28 July 2020 / Revised: 24 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 / Published: 26 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nitrogen: Too Much of a Vital Resource)
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Abstract

This study is based on the analysis of field-measured nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a Sahelian semi-arid grassland site in Senegal (Dahra), tropical humid agricultural plots in Kenya (Mbita region) and simulations using a 1D model designed for semi arid ecosystems in Dahra. This study aims at improving present knowledge and inventories of N2O emissions from the African continent. N2O emissions were larger at the agricultural sites in the Mbita region (range: 0.0 ± 0.0 to 42.1 ± 10.7 ngN m−2 s−1) than at the Dahra site (range: 0.3 ± 0 to 7.4 ± 6.5 ngN m−2 s−1). Soil water and nitrate (NO3−) contents appeared to be the most important drivers of N2O emissions in Dahra at the seasonal scale in both regions. The seasonal pattern of modelled N2O emissions is well represented, though the model performed better during the rainy season than between the rainy and dry seasons. This study highlighted that the water-filled pore space threshold recognised as a trigger for N2O emissions should be reconsidered for semi-arid ecosystems. Based on both measurements and simulated results, an annual N2O budget was estimated for African savanna/grassland and agricultural land ranging between 0.17–0.26 and 1.15–1.20 TgN per year, respectively.
Keywords: nitrogen; GHG; chambers; modelling; tropical ecosystems nitrogen; GHG; chambers; modelling; tropical ecosystems

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bigaignon, L.; Delon, C.; Ndiaye, O.; Galy-Lacaux, C.; Serça, D.; Guérin, F.; Tallec, T.; Merbold, L.; Tagesson, T.; Fensholt, R.; et al. Understanding N2O Emissions in African Ecosystems: Assessments from a Semi-Arid Savanna Grassland in Senegal and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Fields in Kenya. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8875. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218875

AMA Style

Bigaignon L, Delon C, Ndiaye O, Galy-Lacaux C, Serça D, Guérin F, Tallec T, Merbold L, Tagesson T, Fensholt R, et al. Understanding N2O Emissions in African Ecosystems: Assessments from a Semi-Arid Savanna Grassland in Senegal and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Fields in Kenya. Sustainability. 2020; 12(21):8875. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218875

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bigaignon, Laurent, Claire Delon, Ousmane Ndiaye, Corinne Galy-Lacaux, Dominique Serça, Frédéric Guérin, Tiphaine Tallec, Lutz Merbold, Torbern Tagesson, Rasmus Fensholt, and et al. 2020. "Understanding N2O Emissions in African Ecosystems: Assessments from a Semi-Arid Savanna Grassland in Senegal and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Fields in Kenya" Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8875. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218875

APA Style

Bigaignon, L., Delon, C., Ndiaye, O., Galy-Lacaux, C., Serça, D., Guérin, F., Tallec, T., Merbold, L., Tagesson, T., Fensholt, R., André, S., & Galliau, S. (2020). Understanding N2O Emissions in African Ecosystems: Assessments from a Semi-Arid Savanna Grassland in Senegal and Sub-Tropical Agricultural Fields in Kenya. Sustainability, 12(21), 8875. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12218875

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