Estimate of Secondary NO2 Levels at Two Urban Traffic Sites Using Observations and Modelling
Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Sustainability 2020, 12(19), 7897; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197897
Received: 12 July 2020
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Revised: 16 September 2020
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Accepted: 21 September 2020
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Published: 24 September 2020
Assessing secondary and primary NO2 in urban areas is important to support carefully designed environmental policies, particularly in areas with recurrent exceedance of NO2 regulatory limits. The share of secondary NO2 was preliminary estimated in intense traffic areas of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Northern Italy) by the combined analysis of regulatory air quality observations at urban traffic and urban background conditions. In addition simulations performed by the Lagrangian particle dispersion models Micro SWIFT SPRAY and the chemical transport model WRF-Chem were performed. The former was applied on the urban area representative of traffic conditions for both cities, in winter. The latter was applied twice in Modena, both with and without urban traffic emissions. Results suggest a large amount of secondary NO2 mainly at the Modena traffic site, and a better representativity of background conditions of the corresponding urban station in Reggio Emilia. NOx levels simulated by WRF-Chem show good results at Modena urban background and performance in line with reference benchmark values in reproducing observed NO2 and NOx concentrations at rural background sites, although a non-negligible bias in simulated urban NO2 remained. Overall the simulation models suggest that contribution to atmospheric NOx by domestic heating or industrial combustion emissions are not as relevant compared to traffic, consistently with the local emission inventory.
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Keywords:
NO2; NOx; traffic emissions; dispersion models
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MDPI and ACS Style
Ghermandi, G.; Fabbi, S.; Veratti, G.; Bigi, A.; Teggi, S. Estimate of Secondary NO2 Levels at Two Urban Traffic Sites Using Observations and Modelling. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197897
AMA Style
Ghermandi G, Fabbi S, Veratti G, Bigi A, Teggi S. Estimate of Secondary NO2 Levels at Two Urban Traffic Sites Using Observations and Modelling. Sustainability. 2020; 12(19):7897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197897
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhermandi, Grazia, Sara Fabbi, Giorgio Veratti, Alessandro Bigi, and Sergio Teggi. 2020. "Estimate of Secondary NO2 Levels at Two Urban Traffic Sites Using Observations and Modelling" Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7897. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197897
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