Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia

Jordan, Greta; Goenster-Jordan, Sven; Ulziisuren, Baigal; Buerkert, Andreas

doi:10.3390/su11123362

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Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia

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Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstr. 19, 37123 Witzenhausen, Germany

Biology Department, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Youth Str. 1, Baga toiruu, 210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Sustainability 2019, 11(12), 3362; https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123362

Received: 2 May 2019 / Revised: 4 June 2019 / Accepted: 13 June 2019 / Published: 18 June 2019

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)

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Abstract

During the last decades, Mongolian river oases were subjected to an expansion of farmland. Such intensification triggers substantial gaseous carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses that may aggravate disequilibria in the soil surface balances of agricultural plots. This study aims to quantify such losses, and assess the implications of these emissions against the background of calculated partial C and N balances. To this end, CO₂, NH₃, and N₂O soil emissions from carrot, hay, and rye plots were measured by a portable dynamic closed chamber system connected to a photoacoustic multi-gas analyzer in six farms of the Mongolian river oasis Bulgan sum center. Average C and N flux rates (1313 g CO₂-C ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ to 1774 g CO₂-C ha⁻¹ h⁻¹; 2.4 g NH₃-N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ to 3.3 g NH₃-N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹; 0.7 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹ to 1.1 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹ h⁻¹) and cumulative emissions (3506 kg C ha⁻¹ season⁻¹ to 4514 kg C ha⁻¹ season⁻¹; 7.4 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹ to 10.9 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹) were relatively low compared to those of other agroecosystems, but represented a substantial pathway of losses (86% of total C inputs; 21% of total N inputs). All C and N balances were negative (−1082 kg C ha⁻¹ season⁻¹ to −1606 kg C ha⁻¹ season⁻¹; −27 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹ to −65 kg N ha⁻¹ season⁻¹). To reduce these disequilibria, application of external inputs may need to be intensified whereby such amendments should be incorporated into soil to minimize gaseous emissions. View Full-Text

Keywords: ammonia; carbon dioxide; carbon losses; closed chamber system; Mongolian Altai Mountains; nitrogen losses; nitrous oxide; photo-acoustic multi-gas monitor; soil fertility

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Jordan, G.; Goenster-Jordan, S.; Ulziisuren, B.; Buerkert, A. Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123362

AMA Style

Jordan G, Goenster-Jordan S, Ulziisuren B, Buerkert A. Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia. Sustainability. 2019; 11(12):3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123362

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jordan, Greta, Sven Goenster-Jordan, Baigal Ulziisuren, and Andreas Buerkert. 2019. "Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia" Sustainability 11, no. 12: 3362. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123362

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Soil Gaseous Emissions and Partial C and N Balances of Small-Scale Farmer Fields in a River Oasis of Western Mongolia

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