Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Research Station
2.2. Research Procedures
- L(N-NH4)—bioreactor’s loading with the ammonium nitrogen, gN-NH4·gsmo−1·d−1;
- M—biomass concentration in the bioreactor, gsmo·m−3;
- HRT—hydraulic retention time, d;
- rN—nitrification rate, gN-NH4·gsmo−1·d−1;
- rD—denitrification rate, gN-NOx·gsmo−1·d−1;
- (N-NH4)i—ammonium nitrogen concentration in the bioreactor’s inflow, gN-NH4·m−3;
- (N-NH4)o—ammonium nitrogen concentration in the bioreactor’s outflow, gN-NH4·m−3;
- (N-NOx)i—oxidized nitrogen concentration in the bioreactor’s inflow, gN-NOx·m−3;
- (N-NOx)o—oxidized nitrogen concentration in the bioreactor’s outflow, gN-NOx·m−3;
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- There was a higher stable amount of pollutants removal from the sewage in the case with biofilm creation. The biofilm is much more resistant to sudden changes in the conditions than the suspended biomass.
- (2)
- In variant II (60 min of aeration and 60 min of no-aeration phases, and a periodic sewage dosage during the no-aeration phase), in comparison to variant I (constant sewage dosage 24 h a day, changeable aeration cycles—120 min with aeration/60 min with no aeration) there was a greater removal of organic pollutants and nutrient. The mean removal of organic compounds was equal to 86.3% for BOD5 and 68.9% for COD in variant I, but for variant II, these rates were 91.9% and 80.1% for BOD5 and COD, respectively. Ammonium nitrogen was observed to increase the concentration in the outflow during variant I by 17.8%, and by 25.8% for variant II.
- (3)
- The rate of nitrification during variant II was equal to 0.08 ± 0.09 mgN-NH4·gsmo−1·d−1. If the sludge loading with ammonium nitrogen is much higher than the nitrification rate, then N-NH4 removal is less efficient, and the ammonium form cumulates in the bioreactor. The rate of nitrification was positively correlated with the sewage temperature in the bioreactor.
- (4)
- The highest rate of denitrification was observed during variant II, and was equal to 7.56 ± 5.71 gN-NOx·gsmo−1·d−1 in comparison to variant I (3.47 ± 5.13 gN-NOx·gsmo−1·d−1).
- (5)
- The dephosphatation denitrification process was observed especially during variant II. The result of dephosphatation denitrification, apart from the high N-NO3 reduction, was the phosphorus removal from the sewage. On average, the reduction level for total phosphorus was equal to 18.2%.
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Variant | |
---|---|---|
I | II | |
Loading with N-NH4, mgN-NH4·gsmo−1·d−1 | 0.26 ± 0.23 | 0.28 ± 0.14 |
Hydraulic retention time, d | 7.2 ± 1.14 | 6.84 ± 1.46 |
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Wałęga, A.; Chmielowski, K.; Młyński, D. Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082689
Wałęga A, Chmielowski K, Młyński D. Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas. Sustainability. 2018; 10(8):2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082689
Chicago/Turabian StyleWałęga, Andrzej, Krzysztof Chmielowski, and Dariusz Młyński. 2018. "Influence of the Hybrid Sewage Treatment Plant’s Exploitation on Its Operation Effectiveness in Rural Areas" Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082689