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Volume 10
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10.3390/su10124379
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Article

Biodiversity Protection through Networks of Voluntary Sustainability Standard Organizations?

by
Luc Fransen
1,*,
Jelmer Schalk
2,
Marcel Kok
3,
Vivek Voora
4,
Jason Potts
4,†,
Max Joosten
5,
Philip Schleifer
1 and
Graeme Auld
6
1
Department Political Science, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 15578, 1001 NB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2
Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, 2511 DP The Hague, The Netherlands
3
The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving), P.O. Box 30315, 2500 GH The Hague, The Netherlands
4
International Institute for Sustainable Development, International Environment House 29 Chemin de Balexert, 1219 Châtelaine, Geneva, Switzerland
5
Department of Political Science & International Relations, University of Geneva, 24 rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
6
School of Public Policy and Administration, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel by Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Deceased.
Sustainability 2018, 10(12), 4379; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124379
Submission received: 17 September 2018 / Revised: 12 November 2018 / Accepted: 19 November 2018 / Published: 23 November 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public-Private Partnerships for Sustainable Development)
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Abstract

This paper explores the potential for voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) organizations to contribute to policy-making on biodiversity protection by examining their biodiversity policies, total standard compliant area, proximity to biodiversity hotspots, and the networks and partnerships they have in place that can support policy-making on biodiversity protection. The analysis undertaken is based on Social Network Analysis data, in combination with information from the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) Standards and Biodiversity Review and the International Trade Centre (ITC) Standards Map on the focus and operation of VSS organizations. The significance of agriculture-focused private governance for global biodiversity policy and their relationship towards other forms of nongovernmental, governmental, and inter-governmental biodiversity policy are examined and described. We argue that, at present, a number of key agriculture-focused VSS organizations are important policy actors to address biodiversity because of their elaborate biodiversity policies, total compliant areas, and proximity to biodiversity hotspots. However, at present, most of these VSS organizations have relatively few ties with relevant governmental and inter-governmental biodiversity policymakers. The actor composition of their inter-organizational networks currently reflects a focus on nongovernmental rather than governmental organizations while substantively they focus more on development than on environmental protection issues.
Keywords: biodiversity; standards; sustainability; networks; hotspots; agriculture biodiversity; standards; sustainability; networks; hotspots; agriculture

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fransen, L.; Schalk, J.; Kok, M.; Voora, V.; Potts, J.; Joosten, M.; Schleifer, P.; Auld, G. Biodiversity Protection through Networks of Voluntary Sustainability Standard Organizations? Sustainability 2018, 10, 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124379

AMA Style

Fransen L, Schalk J, Kok M, Voora V, Potts J, Joosten M, Schleifer P, Auld G. Biodiversity Protection through Networks of Voluntary Sustainability Standard Organizations? Sustainability. 2018; 10(12):4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124379

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fransen, Luc, Jelmer Schalk, Marcel Kok, Vivek Voora, Jason Potts, Max Joosten, Philip Schleifer, and Graeme Auld. 2018. "Biodiversity Protection through Networks of Voluntary Sustainability Standard Organizations?" Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124379

APA Style

Fransen, L., Schalk, J., Kok, M., Voora, V., Potts, J., Joosten, M., Schleifer, P., & Auld, G. (2018). Biodiversity Protection through Networks of Voluntary Sustainability Standard Organizations? Sustainability, 10(12), 4379. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124379

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