Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. City of São Leopoldo
Waste Stream Mapping
3.2. City of Zurich
Waste Stream Mapping of Zurich
3.3. Comparison between the Management of the Systems of São Leopoldo and Zurich
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Collection A (Recyclable) | Collection B (Putrescible Organic and Non-Recyclable) | Collection C (Informal) |
---|---|---|
Sorting | Sorting | Sorting |
Recycling | Recycling | Recycling |
Landfill of residues | Landfill of residues | Inappropriate disposal |
Collection A (Container) | Collection B (Voluntary Delivery Points) | Collection C (Door-to-Door) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Waste category | Pruning and garden waste | Official bags waste—“Züri-Sacke” | Recyclable waste | Residues | Paper, cardboard, textile |
Processing | Recycling | Incineration | Recycling | Incineration | Recycling |
Characteristics | São Leopoldo | Zurich |
---|---|---|
Establishment | 1824 | 5th Century |
Inhabitants | 214.087 | 384.271 |
Area | 102.74 km² | 91.88 km² |
Inhab/area | 2.084 inhab/km² | 4.182 inhab/km² |
GDP | US$1.7 bi/2008 | US$52 bi/2008 |
Urban Waste | 5350 tonnes/month | 9900 tonnes/month |
Waste/inhab | 0.84 kg/inhab | 0.86 kg/inhab |
Responsible for the management | SELIMP | ERZ |
Outsourcing of services | Yes (paid) | Yes (unpaid) |
Contract’s validity | 20 years | 1 year |
Collaborators | 220 (170 outsourced and 50 from the municipality) | 510 (municipality) |
Directive plan for wastes | No | Yes |
Packaging | Undefined packaging | Standard packing required |
Collection | Door-to-door | Door-to-door voluntary delivery container system |
Collection shift | Day and night | Day |
Vehicles | Compactor trucks and dump trucks | Compactor trucks (mechanical collection) and Hoist |
Recycled waste | 350 tonnes/month | 4643 tonnes/month (composting, paper, metal, glass) |
Treatments | Sorting Recycling | Incineration Recycling Composting |
Final disposal | Sanitary landfill | Inert landfill |
Landfilled waste | 5000 tonnes/month | 3000 tonnes/month (included other cities) |
Recovered energy | No | 13,500 MWh/month |
Waste social program | Yes | No |
Commercialization of services | No | Yes |
Sweeping of streets | Manual | Mechanical |
São Leopoldo | Zurich | |
---|---|---|
Revenues (US$) | 1,895,192.31 | 161,266,112.16 |
Expenditures (US$) | 4,128,205.13 | 130,113,601.24 |
Reserve for 2011/2012 (US$) | Not determined | 12,107,216.50 to 2011 |
Negative balance (US$) | 2,233,012.82 | Zero |
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Share and Cite
Ghesla, P.L.; Gomes, L.P.; Caetano, M.O.; Miranda, L.A.S.; Dai-Prá, L.B. Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103716
Ghesla PL, Gomes LP, Caetano MO, Miranda LAS, Dai-Prá LB. Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland. Sustainability. 2018; 10(10):3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103716
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhesla, Pamela L., Luciana P. Gomes, Marcelo O. Caetano, Luis A. S. Miranda, and Léa B. Dai-Prá. 2018. "Municipal Solid Waste Management from the Experience of São Leopoldo/Brazil and Zurich/Switzerland" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3716. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10103716