Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Synthesis of Silica Based Nanoparticles (SbNs)
2.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.3. ART-Loaded NP (ART-mSbN) and UHPLC/HRMS Analysis of ART Concentration
2.4. Blood Sample Collection
2.5. Antileishmanial Activity on L. infantum Axenic Amastigotes
2.6. Antiplasmodial Activity
2.7. Assessment of Parasitemia by Light Microscopy
2.8. IC50 Measurement
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physicochemical Characteristics of SbNs
3.2. Anti-Leishmania Activity of Nanoparticles
3.3. Antimalarial Activity of Nanoparticles
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- WHO. Leishmaniasis. Available online: https://www.who.int/health-topics/leishmaniasis#tab=tab_1 (accessed on 4 November 2021).
- PAHO/WHO Fact Sheet: Neglected Infectious Diseases—Leishmaniasis|Enhanced Reader. Available online: https://www.paho.org/en/topics/leishmaniasis (accessed on 4 November 2021).
- WHO. World Malaria Report 2020: 20 Years of Global Progress and Challenges. Available online: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015791 (accessed on 4 November 2021).
- Aschale, Y.; Ayehu, A.; Worku, L.; Tesfa, H.; Birhanie, M.; Lemma, W. Malaria-visceral leishmaniasis co-infection and associated factors among migrant laborers in West Armachiho district, North West Ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study. BMC Infect. Dis. 2019, 19, 239. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Chakravarty, J.; Sundar, S. Drug resistance in leishmaniasis. J. Glob. Infect. Dis. 2010, 2, 167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Feng, J.; Thian, E.S. Applications of nanobioceramics to healthcare technology. Nanotechnol. Rev. 2013, 2, 679–697. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Avitabile, E.; Senes, N.; D’Avino, C.; Tsamesidis, I.; Pinna, A.; Medici, S.; Pantaleo, A. The potential antimalarial efficacy of hemocompatible silver nanoparticles from Artemisia species against P. falciparum parasite. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0238532. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsamesidis, I.; Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Lymperaki, E.; Kazeli, K.; Lioutas, C.B.; Christodoulou, E.; Perio, P.; Reybier, K.; Pantaleo, A.; Kontonasaki, E. Effect of ion doping in silica-based nanoparticles on the hemolytic and oxidative activity in contact with human erythrocytes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2020, 318, 108974. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsamesidis, I.; Kazeli, K.; Lymperaki, E.; Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Oikonomou, I.M.; Komninou, P.; Zachariadis, G.; Reybier, K.; Pantaleo, A.; Kontonasaki, E. Effect of Sintering Temperature of Bioactive Glass Nanoceramics on the Hemolytic Activity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Erythrocytes. Cell. Mol. Bioeng. 2020. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sen, R.; Ganguly, S.; Saha, P.; Chatterjee, M. Efficacy of artemisinin in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 2010, 36, 43–49. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Theodorou, G.S.; Kontonasaki, E.; Tsamesidis, I.; Pantaleo, A.; Patsiaoura, D.; Papadopoulou, L.; Rhoades, J.; Likotrafiti, E.; Lioutas, C.B.; et al. Effect of ethanol/TEOS ratios and amount of ammonia on the properties of copper-doped calcium silicate nanoceramics. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2019, 30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Theodorou, G.S.; Kontonasaki, E.; Papadopoulou, L.; Kantiranis, N.; Patsiaoura, D.; Chrissafis, K.; Lioutas, C.B.; Paraskevopoulos, K.M. Synthesis of a bioactive nanomaterial in the ternary system SiO2-CaO-MgO doped with CuO: The effect of Ball milling on the particle size, morphology and bioactive behavior. AIP Conf. Proc. 2019, 200005. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Liverani, L.; Theocharidou, A.; Tsamesidis, I.; Lazaridou, M.; Christodoulou, E.; Beketova, A.; Pappa, C.; Triantafyllidis, K.S.; Anastasiou, A.D.; et al. Article synthesis and characterization of mesoporous mg-and sr-doped nanoparticles for moxifloxacin drug delivery in promising tissue engineering applications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 577. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsamesidis, I.; Gkiliopoulos, D.; Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Lymperaki, E.; Papoulia, C.; Reybier, K.; Perio, P.; Paraskevopoulos, K.M.; Kontonasaki, E.; Theocharidou, A. Effect of Artemisinin-Loaded Mesoporous Cerium-Doped Calcium Silicate Nanopowder on Cell Proliferation of Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- WHO. World Malaria Report 2017; WHO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2017. [Google Scholar]
- Pau, M.C.; Pantaleo, A.; Tsamesidis, I.; Hoang, H.; Tran, A.T.; Nguyen, T.L.H.; Phan, T.H.G.; Nu, P.A.T.; Ngo, T.M.C.; Marchetti, G.; et al. Clinical impact of the two ART resistance markers, K13 gene mutations and DPC3 in Vietnam. PLoS ONE 2019, 14, e0214667. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gruessner, B.M.; Cornet-Vernet, L.; Desrosiers, M.R.; Lutgen, P.; Towler, M.J.; Weathers, P.J. It is not just artemisinin: Artemisia sp. for treating diseases including malaria and schistosomiasis. Phytochem. Rev. 2019, 18, 1509–1527. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Verma, A.; Ghosh, S.; Salotra, P.; Singh, R. Artemisinin-resistant Leishmania parasite modulates host cell defense mechanism and exhibits altered expression of unfolded protein response genes. Parasitol. Res. 2019, 118, 2705–2713. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Norouzi, R. A review on most nanoparticles applied against parasitic infections. J. Biol. Today’s World 2017, 6, 196–203. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Singh, M.K.; Bhaumik, S.K.; Karmakar, S.; Paul, J.; Sawoo, S.; Majumder, H.K.; Roy, A. Copper salisylaldoxime (CuSAL) imparts protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis by targeting Leishmania donovani topoisomerase IB. Exp. Parasitol. 2017, 175, 8–20. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Paul, R.; Banerjee, S.; Sen, S.; Dubey, P.; Bachhawat, A.K.; Datta, R.; Gupta, A. The novel leishmanial Copper P-type ATPase plays a vital role in intracellular parasite survival. bioRxiv 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cattaneo, A.G.; Gornati, R.; Sabbioni, E.; Chiriva-Internati, M.; Cobos, E.; Jenkins, M.R.; Bernardini, G. Nanotechnology and human health: Risks and benefits. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2010, 30, 730–744. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsamesidis, I.; Pério, P.; Pantaleo, A.; Reybier, K. Oxidation of erythrocytes enhance the production of reactive species in the presence of artemisinins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 4799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Silica Based Nanoparticles (SbNs) | ||
---|---|---|
Nanoparticles (NPs) | Composition (mol %) | Calcination Temperature (°C) |
SbN1 | 100% SiO2 | 700 |
SbN2 | 55-35-10% SiO2CaOMgO | 1000 |
SbN3 | 60, 30, 7.5 and 2.5% SiO2-CaO-MgO-CuO | 700 |
mSbN | 100% SiO2 | 600 |
Nanoparticles/Drug | IC50 (µg/mL) |
---|---|
Amphotericin B | 6.5 × 10−2 |
SbN1 | >10 ± 1.1 |
SbN2 | >10 ± 1.52 |
SbN3 | 2.46 ± 0.35 |
mSbN | >10 ± 0.91 |
ART-mSbN | 1.43 ± 0.25 |
Nanoparticles/Drug | IC50 (µg/mL) |
---|---|
Artemisinin | 9.8 nM = 2.8 × 10−3 |
SbN1 | 325 ± 35 |
SbN2 | 200 ± 28 |
SbN3 | 225 ± 15 |
mSbN | 300 ± 29 |
ART-mSbN | 50 ± 15 |
Time (hours) | Artemisinin Release Capacity (%) of ART-mSbN |
---|---|
6 | 25 |
17 | 40 |
24 | 42 |
41 | 54 |
48 | 62 |
72 | 67 |
96 | 69 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Tsamesidis, I.; Lymperaki, E.; Egwu, C.O.; Pouroutzidou, G.K.; Kazeli, K.; Reybier, K.; Bourgeade-Delmas, S.; Valentin, A.; Kontonasaki, E. Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites. J. Xenobiot. 2021, 11, 155-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11040011
Tsamesidis I, Lymperaki E, Egwu CO, Pouroutzidou GK, Kazeli K, Reybier K, Bourgeade-Delmas S, Valentin A, Kontonasaki E. Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites. Journal of Xenobiotics. 2021; 11(4):155-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11040011
Chicago/Turabian StyleTsamesidis, Ioannis, Evgenia Lymperaki, Chinedu O. Egwu, Georgia K. Pouroutzidou, Konstantina Kazeli, Karine Reybier, Sandra Bourgeade-Delmas, Alexis Valentin, and Eleana Kontonasaki. 2021. "Effect of Silica Based Nanoparticles against Plasmodium falciparum and Leishmania infantum parasites" Journal of Xenobiotics 11, no. 4: 155-162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11040011