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Infectious Disease Reports
Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/idr15060061
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Review

Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence

by
Ioannis Karniadakis
1,
Nikolaos Mazonakis
2,
Constantinos Tsioutis
3,*,
Michail Papadakis
4,
Ioulia Markaki
2 and
Nikolaos Spernovasilis
5
1
Cardiff Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
2
Internal Medicine Department, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital Sotiria, 11527 Athens, Greece
3
School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenis St., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
4
3rd Internal Medicine Department & Diabetes Center, General Hospital of Nikaia Piraeus “Agios Panteleimon”, 18454 Piraeus, Greece
5
Department of Infectious Diseases, German Oncology Center, Agios Athanasios, Limassol 4108, Cyprus
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2023, 15(6), 662-678; https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060061
Submission received: 27 August 2023 / Revised: 21 October 2023 / Accepted: 23 October 2023 / Published: 25 October 2023
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Abstract

Vaccines remain the cornerstone of medical prevention and are highly effective in reducing the risk of severe disease and death due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the context of expanding the therapeutic armamentarium against COVID-19, molnupiravir (Lagevrio) and ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) were developed, constituting the first effective oral treatments against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this narrative review, we retrospectively inquired into the clinical trials and real-world studies investigating the efficacy of these agents. Overall, clinical trials and real-world studies have demonstrated the efficacy of both agents in reducing hospitalization and death rates in COVID-19 patients. As per current recommendations, their use is suggested in patients with mild to moderate symptoms who are at high risk of developing severe disease. Nevertheless, limited data exist regarding their efficacy in specific subpopulations, such as immunocompromised patients, those with severe kidney disease, pregnant women, and children.
Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; oral antivirals; Paxlovid; ritonavir; nirmatrelvir; molnupiravir COVID-19; pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; oral antivirals; Paxlovid; ritonavir; nirmatrelvir; molnupiravir

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MDPI and ACS Style

Karniadakis, I.; Mazonakis, N.; Tsioutis, C.; Papadakis, M.; Markaki, I.; Spernovasilis, N. Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2023, 15, 662-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060061

AMA Style

Karniadakis I, Mazonakis N, Tsioutis C, Papadakis M, Markaki I, Spernovasilis N. Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence. Infectious Disease Reports. 2023; 15(6):662-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060061

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karniadakis, Ioannis, Nikolaos Mazonakis, Constantinos Tsioutis, Michail Papadakis, Ioulia Markaki, and Nikolaos Spernovasilis. 2023. "Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence" Infectious Disease Reports 15, no. 6: 662-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060061

APA Style

Karniadakis, I., Mazonakis, N., Tsioutis, C., Papadakis, M., Markaki, I., & Spernovasilis, N. (2023). Oral Molnupiravir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review with a Focus on Real-World Evidence. Infectious Disease Reports, 15(6), 662-678. https://doi.org/10.3390/idr15060061

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