Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Formulation of Transdermal Patches
2.3. Design of Experiment
2.3.1. Tensile Strength
2.3.2. Moisture Content
2.3.3. Moisture Uptake
2.4. Penetration Enhancement
2.5. MTT Assay
2.6. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
- The active substance (solid BGP-15);
- Transdermal patches with BGP-15, without penetration enhancers;
- The transdermal patches with BGP-15 and the penetration enhancers (Labrasol or Transcutol or the mixture of Labrasol and Transcutol);
- Transdermal patches without penetration enhancers and BGP-15 were obtained by using a JASCO FT/IR-4600 spectrometer with an ATR accessory (Zn/Se ATR PRO ONE Single-Reflection, ABL&E-JASCO, Hungary, Budapest). All the samples were directly placed on the diamond crystal of the equipment. Scanning was run in the wavelength range of 500–4000 cm−1. The spectra were collected from 32 scans to obtain smooth spectra at the spectral resolution of 1 cm−1. Corrections of environmental CO2 and H2O were carried out using the software’s built-in method [34].
2.7. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.8. In Vitro Release of the Active Ingredient
2.9. In Vitro Permeation Studies
2.10. Determination of BGP-15 in Skin Samples
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Design of Experiment
3.1.1. Tensile Strength
3.1.2. Moisture Content
3.1.3. Moisture Uptake
3.1.4. Incorporating Penetration Enhancers into the Formulation
3.2. MTT Assay
3.3. FTIR Measurements
3.4. SEM
3.5. In Vitro Drug Release
3.6. In Vitro Permeation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composition | Solvent (w/w%) | PVA (w/v%) | Drying Time (h) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 50 | 33 | 24 |
2 | 20 | 33 | 24 |
3 | 50 | 67 | 24 |
4 | 20 | 67 | 24 |
5 | 50 | 50 | 12 |
6 | 20 | 50 | 12 |
7 | 50 | 50 | 36 |
8 | 20 | 50 | 36 |
9 | 35 | 33 | 12 |
10 | 35 | 67 | 12 |
11 | 35 | 33 | 36 |
12 | 35 | 67 | 36 |
13 | 35 | 50 | 24 |
14 | 35 | 50 | 24 |
15 | 35 | 50 | 24 |
Formulation | |
---|---|
W.P. | Transdermal patch without any penetration enhancer excipient |
T | Transdermal patch with 0.1% Transcutol |
L | Transdermal patch with 0.1% Labrasol |
T + L | Transdermal patch with 0.1% Transcutol and Labrasol |
Transdermal Patches | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Without Penetration Enhancers | With Transcutol | With Labrasol | With Transcutol and Labrasol | |
Flux (mg/cm2 × h−1) | 0.3843 | 0.2007 | 2.0940 | 2.6324 |
Kinetic Model 1 | Transdermal Patches | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Without Penetration Enhancers | With Transcutol | With Labrasol | With Transcutol and Labrasol | |
Zero | 0.8780 | 0.8107 | 0.8977 | 0.9772 |
First | 0.8741 | 0.8100 | 0.8984 | 0.9857 |
Korsmeyer–Peppas | 0.8871 | 0.6630 | 0.6253 | 0.9636 |
Higuchi | 0.7494 | 0.7600 | 0.8668 | 0.9597 |
Weibull | 0.9097 | 0.6624 | 0.6251 | 0.9578 |
Formulation | f1 1 | f2 2 |
---|---|---|
W.P. vs. T. | 9.45 | 89.48 |
W.P. vs. L. | 88.53 | 40.39 |
W.P. vs. T and L. | 92.88 | 30.17 |
L. vs. T and L. | 37.91 | 49.17 |
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Bácskay, I.; Hosszú, Z.; Budai, I.; Ujhelyi, Z.; Fehér, P.; Kósa, D.; Haimhoffer, Á.; Pető, Á. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15. Pharmaceutics 2024, 16, 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010036
Bácskay I, Hosszú Z, Budai I, Ujhelyi Z, Fehér P, Kósa D, Haimhoffer Á, Pető Á. Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(1):36. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010036
Chicago/Turabian StyleBácskay, Ildikó, Zsolt Hosszú, István Budai, Zoltán Ujhelyi, Pálma Fehér, Dóra Kósa, Ádám Haimhoffer, and Ágota Pető. 2024. "Formulation and Evaluation of Transdermal Patches Containing BGP-15" Pharmaceutics 16, no. 1: 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16010036