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Pharmaceutics
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048
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Review

Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools

by
Paula Moyano
1,*,
Emma Sola
1,*,
María Victoria Naval
2,
Lucia Guerra-Menéndez
3,
Maria De la Cabeza Fernández
4 and
Javier del Pino
1
1
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
2
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Bothanic, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
3
Department of Physiology, Medicine School, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain
4
Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy School, Complutense University of Madrid, 28041 Madrid, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pharmaceutics 2023, 15(8), 2048; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048
Submission received: 29 June 2023 / Revised: 19 July 2023 / Accepted: 25 July 2023 / Published: 30 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Therapeutic Approaches for Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment, 2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Environmental pollutants’ (EPs) amount and diversity have increased in recent years due to anthropogenic activity. Several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are theorized to be related to EPs, as their incidence has increased in a similar way to human EPs exposure and they reproduce the main ND hallmarks. EPs induce several neurotoxic effects, including accumulation and gradual deposition of misfolded toxic proteins, producing neuronal malfunction and cell death. Cells possess different mechanisms to eliminate these toxic proteins, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the proteasome system. The accumulation and deleterious effects of toxic proteins are induced through HSPs and disruption of proteasome proteins’ homeostatic function by exposure to EPs. A therapeutic approach has been proposed to reduce accumulation of toxic proteins through treatment with recombinant HSPs/proteasome or the use of compounds that increase their expression or activity. Our aim is to review the current literature on NDs related to EP exposure and their relationship with the disruption of the proteasome system and HSPs, as well as to discuss the toxic effects of dysfunction of HSPs and proteasome and the contradictory effects described in the literature. Lastly, we cover the therapeutic use of developed drugs and recombinant proteasome/HSPs to eliminate toxic proteins and prevent/treat EP-induced neurodegeneration.
Keywords: environmental pollutants; heat shock proteins; proteasome; proteinopathies; neurodegenerative diseases environmental pollutants; heat shock proteins; proteasome; proteinopathies; neurodegenerative diseases
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MDPI and ACS Style

Moyano, P.; Sola, E.; Naval, M.V.; Guerra-Menéndez, L.; Fernández, M.D.l.C.; del Pino, J. Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048

AMA Style

Moyano P, Sola E, Naval MV, Guerra-Menéndez L, Fernández MDlC, del Pino J. Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(8):2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moyano, Paula, Emma Sola, María Victoria Naval, Lucia Guerra-Menéndez, Maria De la Cabeza Fernández, and Javier del Pino. 2023. "Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 8: 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048

APA Style

Moyano, P., Sola, E., Naval, M. V., Guerra-Menéndez, L., Fernández, M. D. l. C., & del Pino, J. (2023). Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies Induced by Environmental Pollutants: Heat Shock Proteins and Proteasome as Promising Therapeutic Tools. Pharmaceutics, 15(8), 2048. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15082048

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