Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transscleral Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate: Development, Ex Vivo Characterization and Multiphoton Microscopy Studies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Lipid Solubility Screening
2.3. Oil-Solid Lipid Mixture Characterization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
2.4. Surfactant Screening
2.5. Hot-Stage Polarized Light Microscopy
2.6. NLC Preparation and Characterization
2.6.1. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
2.6.2. Nile Red-Loaded NLC
2.6.3. Spectroscopy Studies
2.7. Ex Vivo Swine Ocular Tissues
2.8. Validation of an DexAc-Dex Extraction Method from Porcine Sclera and Choroid
2.9. Permeation and Retention Experiments
2.10. Multiphoton Microscopy Studies
2.11. HPLC Analysis
2.12. Data Processing
2.13. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Lipid Solubility Screening
3.2. Liquid–Solid Lipid Mixture Characterization by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
3.3. Surfactant Screening
3.4. Hot Stage Polarized Light Microscopy
3.5. NLC Preparation and Characterization
NR Loaded NLC
3.6. Validation of a DexAc Extraction Method from Porcine Sclera and Choroid
3.7. Ex Vivo Ocular Tissues: Permeation and Retention Experiments
3.8. Tissue Distribution of NR through MPM Studies
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Phase Diagram Region | Code | Lipid Mix % (GMS: Triacetin 60:40) | Surfactant % (Tyloxapol) | Water % | Warm Microemulsion | Redispersed 1:20 Product | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transparent | Isotropic | ||||||
Low water | L1 | 37.3 | 24.8 | 37.9 | Y | N | >1 mm pellets |
L2 | 12.4 | 49.7 | 37.9 | Y | Y | >1 mm pellets | |
Isotropic | Iso1 | 11.1 | 23.2 | 65.7 | Y | Y | Slightly bluish, milky |
Iso2 | 10.1 | 29.9 | 60 | Y | Y | Slightly bluish, milky | |
Iso3 | 12 | 30.3 | 57.7 | Y | Y | Slightly bluish, milky | |
High water | H1 | 5 | 5 | 90 | N | Y | Slightly bluish, milky |
DexAc-NLC (230 μg/mL = 529.3 μM) (n = 8) | Dex-NLC (141 μg/mL = 359.9 μM) (n = 4) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sample | Tissue | DexAc+Dex (nmol/g tissue) | Dex (nmol/g tissue) |
S | S | 139.9 ± 35.6 | Not studied |
S | 98.9 ± 19.9 | 83.4 ± 8.1 | |
SCh | Ch | 30.9 ± 9.3 | 80.7 ± 12.6 |
SCh | 92.8 ± 19.0 | 83.3 ± 8.3 |
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González-Fernández, F.M.; Delledonne, A.; Nicoli, S.; Gasco, P.; Padula, C.; Santi, P.; Sissa, C.; Pescina, S. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transscleral Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate: Development, Ex Vivo Characterization and Multiphoton Microscopy Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020407
González-Fernández FM, Delledonne A, Nicoli S, Gasco P, Padula C, Santi P, Sissa C, Pescina S. Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transscleral Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate: Development, Ex Vivo Characterization and Multiphoton Microscopy Studies. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(2):407. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020407
Chicago/Turabian StyleGonzález-Fernández, Felipe M., Andrea Delledonne, Sara Nicoli, Paolo Gasco, Cristina Padula, Patrizia Santi, Cristina Sissa, and Silvia Pescina. 2023. "Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transscleral Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate: Development, Ex Vivo Characterization and Multiphoton Microscopy Studies" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2: 407. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020407