Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA

Herrera da Silva, Joao P.; Rossow, Stephanie; Paploski, Igor A. D.; Kikuti, Mariana; Corzo, Cesar A.; VanderWaal, Kimberly

doi:10.3390/v17060863

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Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA

by

Joao P. Herrera da Silva

^*

,

Stephanie Rossow

,

Igor A. D. Paploski

,

Mariana Kikuti

,

Cesar A. Corzo

and

Kimberly VanderWaal

^*

Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455, USA

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2025, 17(6), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863

Submission received: 9 May 2025 / Revised: 12 June 2025 / Accepted: 13 June 2025 / Published: 18 June 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Progress on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus)

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Abstract

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (PRRSV-2) represents one of the greatest threats to global pork production. Increased incidence of a genetic variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (variant 1H.18) was recently reported in the Midwestern USA Sequence comparisons in the ORF5 region indicate that 1H.18 was closely related to both sub-lineages L1H and L1C. To expand our understanding and attempt to elucidate the origin of the 1H.18, we sequenced a near-complete genome, covering all coding regions, and investigated the occurrence of recombination events that may have contributed to the emergence of the new variant. At least six distinct recombination events were identified across the coding portion of the genome. Evidence of recombination in the ORF5 region between variants 1H.31 and 1C.3 was detected. Our results suggest a likely origin of 1H.18 driven by recombination.

Keywords: PRRSV-2; variant 1H.18; recombination; variant emergence

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MDPI and ACS Style

Herrera da Silva, J.P.; Rossow, S.; Paploski, I.A.D.; Kikuti, M.; Corzo, C.A.; VanderWaal, K. Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA. Viruses 2025, 17, 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863

AMA Style

Herrera da Silva JP, Rossow S, Paploski IAD, Kikuti M, Corzo CA, VanderWaal K. Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA. Viruses. 2025; 17(6):863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863

Chicago/Turabian Style

Herrera da Silva, Joao P., Stephanie Rossow, Igor A. D. Paploski, Mariana Kikuti, Cesar A. Corzo, and Kimberly VanderWaal. 2025. "Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA" Viruses 17, no. 6: 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863

APA Style

Herrera da Silva, J. P., Rossow, S., Paploski, I. A. D., Kikuti, M., Corzo, C. A., & VanderWaal, K. (2025). Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA. Viruses, 17(6), 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060863

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Complete Genome and Recombination Analysis of a Novel Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (Variant 1H.18) Identified in the Midwestern USA

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