The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study

Kamal, Sanaa M.; Naghib, Moheyeldeen Mohamed; Daadour, Moataz; Alsuliman, Mansour N.; Alanazi, Ziad G.; Basalem, Abdulaziz Abdullah; Alaskar, Abdulaziz M.; Saed, Khaled

doi:10.3390/v15020326

Open AccessArticle

The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study

by

Sanaa M. Kamal

^*,

Moheyeldeen Mohamed Naghib

,

Moataz Daadour

,

Mansour N. Alsuliman

,

Ziad G. Alanazi

,

Abdulaziz Abdullah Basalem

,

Abdulaziz M. Alaskar

and

Khaled Saed

Department of Internal Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University College of Medicine, Al-Kharj 16278, Saudi Arabia

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Viruses 2023, 15(2), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020326

Submission received: 6 December 2022 / Revised: 6 January 2023 / Accepted: 10 January 2023 / Published: 24 January 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue What SARS-CoV-2 Variants Have Taught Us: Evolutionary Challenges of RNA Viruses)

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Abstract

To date, the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines and booster doses has yet to be evaluated in longitudinal head-to-head studies. This single-center longitudinal study assessed the effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273 vaccines and assessed two BNT162b2 boosters in 1550 participants, of whom 26% had comorbidities. In addition, the SARS-CoV-2 antibody dynamics was monitored. A group of 1500 unvaccinated subjects was included as the controls. The study’s endpoint was the development of virologically-proven COVID-19 cases after vaccine completion, while the secondary endpoint was hospitalizations due to severe COVID-19. Overall, 23 (4.6%), 16 (3%), and 18 (3.8%) participants vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162b2, and mRNA-1273, respectively, developed COVID-19 after vaccine completion, with an effectiveness of 89%, 92%, and 90%. Ten COVID-19 cases were reported in participants with comorbidities, three of whom were hospitalized. No hospitalizations occurred after boosters. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels peaked 2–4 weeks after the second vaccine dose but declined after a mean of 28.50 ± 3.48 weeks. Booster doses significantly enhanced antibody responses. Antibody titers ≤ 154 U/mL were associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 emergence. Thus, COVID-19 vaccines effectively reduced COVID-19 and prevented severe disease. The vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses declined after 28–32 weeks. Booster doses induced significant maintained responses. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels may help determine the timing and need for vaccine booster doses.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccines; booster vaccines doses; effectiveness; COVID-19-related disease; SARS CoV-2 antibody

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kamal, S.M.; Naghib, M.M.; Daadour, M.; Alsuliman, M.N.; Alanazi, Z.G.; Basalem, A.A.; Alaskar, A.M.; Saed, K. The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study. Viruses 2023, 15, 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020326

AMA Style

Kamal SM, Naghib MM, Daadour M, Alsuliman MN, Alanazi ZG, Basalem AA, Alaskar AM, Saed K. The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study. Viruses. 2023; 15(2):326. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020326

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamal, Sanaa M., Moheyeldeen Mohamed Naghib, Moataz Daadour, Mansour N. Alsuliman, Ziad G. Alanazi, Abdulaziz Abdullah Basalem, Abdulaziz M. Alaskar, and Khaled Saed. 2023. "The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study" Viruses 15, no. 2: 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020326

APA Style

Kamal, S. M., Naghib, M. M., Daadour, M., Alsuliman, M. N., Alanazi, Z. G., Basalem, A. A., Alaskar, A. M., & Saed, K. (2023). The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study. Viruses, 15(2), 326. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15020326

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The Outcome of BNT162b2, ChAdOx1-Sand mRNA-1273 Vaccines and Two Boosters: A Prospective Longitudinal Real-World Study

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